Наукові записки НаУКМА. Біологія та екологія

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Періодичне фахове видання "Наукові записки НаУКМА. Біологія та екологія" є друкованим засобом масової інформації, науковим рецензованим журналом відкритого доступу, що оприлюднює статті з біологічної та екологічної проблематики.

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Browsing Наукові записки НаУКМА. Біологія та екологія by Author "Ternovska, Tamara"

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    Variability of gliadin blocks in hybrid derivatives of Migushova wheat and common wheat
    (Національний університет "Києво-Могилянська академія", 2026) Plyhun, Viktoriia; Martynenko, Viktoriia; Ternovska, Tamara
    The electrophoretic spectra of gliadin components of Triticum miguschоvae Zhir., B1F4 progeny from crossing Migushova wheat (AbAbGGDD) with common wheat varieties Vdala and Panna, winter common wheat varieties T. aestivum L. (AuAuBBDD) Aurora, Vdala, Leleka, Nikonia, Odeska 267, Panna, Selyanka, Tira, were studied. Comparison of the electrophoretic spectra of gliadins of the parent plants that were used to obtain F1 hybrids revealed the presence of differences in some components of the spectrum for both pairs – Migushova wheat x Vdala and Migushova wheat x Panna. For the first crossbreeding combination, 17 components out of 25 were polymorphic for the spectra of the parental plants. For the second crossbreeding combination, 10 out of 27 were polymorphic. In the gliadin spectra of B1F4 grains, a combination of parental components was found, which confirms the hybrid origin of B1F4 grains. In the spectra of F4 grains, polymorphisms that are characteristic for Migushova wheat prevailed. The only exceptions were components 14 and 24, for which the polymorphism “0”, characteristic of the spectrum of the Vdala variety, prevailed. Components 7 and 21 were not present in the spectra of parental plants of both crosses, but they appeared in the electrophoretic spectra of B1F4 descendants. The version of the cross-pollination of hybrids T. miguschovae x T. aestivum had to be rejected due to the complete sterility of such hybrids, known from previous years of work with hybrids of Miguschova wheat and common wheat. That is, components 7 and 21 are the novelty. For hybrids from the crossing of Miguschova wheat with the Panna variety, the tendency of the dominance of the spectrum components characteristic for Miguschova wheat is preserved, although here too there are exceptions: for components 8 and 18, the polymorphism “1” characterizes Panna and it is most often registered in the spectra of grains. In the spectra of hybrids from this cross, the newest components 7 and 21 are also present. Component 21 is found in almost all spectra with rare exceptions. Component 7 is present in the descendants of four out of six F3 hybrids from the crossing of Migushova wheat with Vdala, and among the hybrids with Panna it is present in the spectra of 11 out of 12 F3 hybrids. Other novel components are 26 and 27. They are present in the spectra of B1F4 grains, which originated from a single F3 plant No. 621. It can be assumed that the molecular event that resulted in the appearance of novel components in the gliadin spectrum occurred precisely in this plant. Its F4 descendants can be involved in further studies at the level of nucleotide sequences of gliadin genes to clarify the nature of molecular processes that occur in genomes of hybrid origin and become the source of the emergence of novel traits.