Кафедра політології

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Historical esotericism as a method of cognition. How russian pseudoscientists contributed to Moscow's anti-western turn
(2023) Umland, Andreas
A number of para-academic tendencies in Russian public science helped prepare for the war in Ukraine. In addition to the Kremlin's propaganda campaigns, the intellectual deformation of the Russian elite under the influence of Manichean ideas of theorists such as Lev Gumilev and Aleksander Dugin is partly responsible for the growing separation of Russia from Europe. Post-Soviet public discourse is infected with a multitude of speculative as well as often conspiracy theories and sometimes occult or racist ideas. Their proponents have displaced established social scientists and historians from intellectual and media debates. This parallel public discourse has evolved since the beginning of glasnost, 35 years ago, and was one of the factors that prepared Russia's attack on Ukraine in 2014.