An overall shift to non-monetary exchange informer Soviet Union has become an issue of great concern for economists and politicians. Still, this problem has not gain a deep assessment in the literature, mainly, because of weak empirical data and short history of the problem. This paper "Economics of Barter" presents a critical review of recent studies on non-monetary exchange and summary of basic explanations of this phenomenon in order to restate emphases. The idea behind this is to show that agents, pursuing their profit- (or rent-) maximizing goals become subject to such formal and informal constraints that make them rely upon barter, rather than on monetary transactions.