A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age

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dc.contributor.authorNikitin, Alexeyen_US
dc.contributor.authorLazaridis, Iosifen_US
dc.contributor.authorPatterson, Nicken_US
dc.contributor.authorIvanova, Svitlanaen_US
dc.contributor.authorVideiko, Mykhailoen_US
dc.contributor.authorDergachev, Valentinen_US
dc.contributor.authorKotova, Nadiiaen_US
dc.contributor.authorLillie, Malcolmen_US
dc.contributor.authorPotekhina, Innaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKrenz-Niedbała, Martaen_US
dc.contributor.authorŁukasik, Sylwiaen_US
dc.contributor.authorMakhortykh, Serhijen_US
dc.contributor.authorRenson, Virginieen_US
dc.contributor.authorShephard, Henryen_US
dc.contributor.authorSirbu, Gennadieen_US
dc.contributor.authorSvyryd, Sofiiaen_US
dc.contributor.authorTkachuk, Tarasen_US
dc.contributor.authorWłodarczak, Piotren_US
dc.contributor.authorCallan, Kimen_US
dc.contributor.authorCurtis, Elizabethen_US
dc.contributor.authorHarney, Eadaoinen_US
dc.contributor.authorIliev, Loraen_US
dc.contributor.authorKearns, Aislingen_US
dc.contributor.authorLawson, Ann Marieen_US
dc.contributor.authorMichel, Meganen_US
dc.contributor.authorMah, Matthewen_US
dc.contributor.authorMicco, Adamen_US
dc.contributor.authorOppenheimer, Jonasen_US
dc.contributor.authorQiu, Lijunen_US
dc.contributor.authorWorkman, J. Noahen_US
dc.contributor.authorZalzala, Fatmaen_US
dc.contributor.authorMallick, Swapanen_US
dc.contributor.authorRohland, Nadinen_US
dc.contributor.authorReich, Daviden_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-07T07:50:36Z
dc.date.available2025-02-07T07:50:36Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe north Black Sea (Pontic) Region was the nexus of the farmers of Old Europe and the foragers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe, and the source of waves of migrants that expanded deep into Europe. We report genome-wide data from 78 prehistoric North Pontic individuals to understand the genetic makeup of the people involved in these migrations and discover the reasons for their success. First, we show that native North Pontic foragers had ancestry not only from Balkan and Eastern hunter-gatherers6 but also from European farmers and, occasionally, Caucasus hunter-gatherers. More dramatic inflows ensued during the Eneolithic, when migrants from the Caucasus-Lower Volga area moved westward, bypassing the local foragers to mix with Trypillian farmers advancing eastward. People of the Usatove archaeological group in the Northwest Pontic were formed ca. 4500 BCE with an equal measure of ancestry from the two expanding groups. A different Caucasus-Lower Volga group, moving westward in a distinct but temporally overlapping wave, avoided the farmers altogether, and blended with the foragers instead to form the people of the Serednii Stih archaeological complex. A third wave of expansion occurred when Yamna descendants of the Serednii Stih forming ca. 4000 BCE expanded during the Early Bronze Age (3300 BCE). The temporal gap between Serednii Stih and the Yamna expansion is bridged by a genetically Yamna individual from Mykhailivka in Ukraine (3635-3383 BCE), a site of uninterrupted archaeological continuity across the Eneolithic-Bronze Age transition, and the likely epicenter of Yamna formation. Each of these three waves propagated distinctive ancestries while also incorporating outsiders during its advance, a flexible strategy forged in the North Pontic region that may explain its peoples’ outsized success in spreading their genes and culture across Eurasia.en_US
dc.identifier.citationA genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age / Alexey G. Nikitin, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Svitlana Ivanova, Mykhailo Videiko, ... Inna Potekhina [et al.] // Biorxiv : the preprint server for biology. - 2024. - P. 1-33. - https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.17.589600en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.17.589600
dc.identifier.urihttps://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33500
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.sourceBiorxiv : the preprint server for biologyen_US
dc.statusfirst publisheden_US
dc.subjectnorth Black Sea (Pontic) Regionen_US
dc.subjectfarmers of Old Europeen_US
dc.subjectforagers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppeen_US
dc.subjectPontic individualsen_US
dc.subjectarticleen_US
dc.titleA genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Ageen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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