Cлужителі у козацьких господарствах Полтави 1765–1766 рр. : (за матеріалами Румянцевського опису)
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Date
2020
Authors
Безсмертна, Юлія
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто особливості найму служителів у середовищі козаків на прикладі полкового центру м. Полтави. Козаки були провідною частиною соціуму Гетьманщини другої половини
XVIII ст. Їх поділяють на кілька мікрогруп відповідно до майнового становища, ставлення до
несення військової служби та виконання повинностей. Тож для детальнішого аналізу у цій статті серед представників козацького стану виокремлено очільників домогосподарств, які наймали
слуг. Умовно поділено їх на урядову й неурядову козацьку старшину, "військових слуг" і "сотенних"
козаків. Така класифікація якнайкраще характеризує тогочасну диференціацію у місті за посадою, матеріальним становищем чи професійним заняттям.
За матеріалами Румянцевського опису проведено підрахунки кількості слуг у господарствах
представників зазначених груп козаків у місті. Також зроблено спробу прослідкувати, чи існує залежність між престижністю соціального статусу, рівнем займаної посади та кількістю слуг
у роботодавця. Порушено питання щодо причин, які спонукали господарів наймати слуг, і статевої
преференції під час приймання на службу.
The article clarifies the peculiarities of hiring servants in the Cossacks’ environment as an example of the Poltava Regiment Center. They were the leading part of the society of the Hetmanate in the second half of the 18th century. In fact, the Cossacks were divided into several micro groups according to their property status, the attitude to military service, and the performance of duties. Therefore, for a more detailed analysis, I will single out the heads of households who hired servants among Cossack representatives, conditionally dividing them into Cossack officers: governmental and non-governmental, "military servants", and "hundreds" Cossacks. This classification, in my opinion, best characterizes the differentiation in the city at that time ex officio, the financial status or professional occupation. A considerable amount of research has been done on the Cossacks. They relate both to the study of certain epochs in the history of the Hetmanate, as well as to specialized issues that address different aspects of the life and functioning of the ruling class. However, in most cases these studies refer to the family in the sense of blood relatives. What remains unaddressed is a numerical group of the population who lived and worked with the owners of the yard. This phenomenon in Ukrainian historiography is mainly defined as a peonage (hire or employment), somewhere applies the concept of domestic service; however, accounting sources of the 18th с. which I use recorded them as "sluzhyteli" and "rabotniky". Therefore, according to Rumyantsev’s description, the number of servants in the households of representatives of the above-mentioned Cossack groups in the city was calculated. An attempt is also being made to trace whether there is a correlation between the prestige of the social status, the level of the position held, and the number of servants an employer had. It raises the question of the reasons that prompted the owners to hire servants and gender preference when hiring. Actually, this is the first schematic exploration of the location of employees in Cossack households, so the data obtained cannot be considered definitive. It should be remembered that they refer to the households recorded by the census authors at a particular stage of their functioning and may change over time.
The article clarifies the peculiarities of hiring servants in the Cossacks’ environment as an example of the Poltava Regiment Center. They were the leading part of the society of the Hetmanate in the second half of the 18th century. In fact, the Cossacks were divided into several micro groups according to their property status, the attitude to military service, and the performance of duties. Therefore, for a more detailed analysis, I will single out the heads of households who hired servants among Cossack representatives, conditionally dividing them into Cossack officers: governmental and non-governmental, "military servants", and "hundreds" Cossacks. This classification, in my opinion, best characterizes the differentiation in the city at that time ex officio, the financial status or professional occupation. A considerable amount of research has been done on the Cossacks. They relate both to the study of certain epochs in the history of the Hetmanate, as well as to specialized issues that address different aspects of the life and functioning of the ruling class. However, in most cases these studies refer to the family in the sense of blood relatives. What remains unaddressed is a numerical group of the population who lived and worked with the owners of the yard. This phenomenon in Ukrainian historiography is mainly defined as a peonage (hire or employment), somewhere applies the concept of domestic service; however, accounting sources of the 18th с. which I use recorded them as "sluzhyteli" and "rabotniky". Therefore, according to Rumyantsev’s description, the number of servants in the households of representatives of the above-mentioned Cossack groups in the city was calculated. An attempt is also being made to trace whether there is a correlation between the prestige of the social status, the level of the position held, and the number of servants an employer had. It raises the question of the reasons that prompted the owners to hire servants and gender preference when hiring. Actually, this is the first schematic exploration of the location of employees in Cossack households, so the data obtained cannot be considered definitive. It should be remembered that they refer to the households recorded by the census authors at a particular stage of their functioning and may change over time.
Description
Keywords
Гетьманщина, Румянцевський опис, козацька старшина, "військові слуги", "сотенні" козаки, служителі, стаття, Hetmanshchyna, Rumyantsev description, Cossack officers, "military servants", "hundreds" Cossacks, servants
Citation
Безсмертна Ю. С. Служителі у козацьких господарствах Полтави 1765–1766 рр.: (за матеріалами Румянцевського опису) / Безсмертна Ю. С. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2020. - Т. 3. - С. 103-113.