Княжий тризуб на фресках і в графіті Софії Київської
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Date
2022
Authors
Нікітенко, Надія
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Abstract
У статті вперше в науці комплексно розглянуто унікальний феномен зображення на фресках і в графіті Софії Київської княжих тризубів у вигляді кринів, що проливають світло на час спорудження собору і його князя-будівничого. Стилізовані під крин шість тризубів Володимира Великого майстри вписали як окремий знак у центр п’яти великих і значущих сцен фрескового декору "митрополії руської", що інспірували замовники розписів Софії – княже подружжя хрестителів Русі Володимир і Анна. Два тризуби Володимира, накреслені його дружинниками, виявлено в графіті Софії. Так само, як найдавніші датовані графіті на її стінах, мозаїки та фрески, княжі тризуби підтверджують висновок про заснування її у 1011 р. Володимиром Великим, за часів якого собор було зведено та прикрашено мозаїками і фресками. Тризуб Володимира на стінах Софії є знаком його власності на храм та прославлення в очах сучасників і нащадків.
The article, for the first time in academic research, puts and comprehensively considers a unique phenomenon of picturing seven images stylized under the lily of the prince’s tridents of Volodymyr on the frescoes and graffiti of St. Sophia of Kyiv, which elucidates the time of the cathedral construction and its prince-builder. They are singled out as separate compositions, "inserted" in the center of large narrative scenes of the religious and secular nature. Four tridents of Volodymyr are present in four frescoes of the vestry, decorated with scenes from the cycle of the Virgin; two more are present in the fresco of the north stair tower, which is part of the secular cycle that tells about the conclusion of dynastic marriage between Prince Volodymyr and Byzantine Princess Anna. Two inverted tridents of Volodymyr, drawn by his warriors after the death of the prince, were found in the graffiti of St. Sophia. They appeared around 1017 after Yaroslav’s capture of the Kyiv throne. Volodymyr’s trident on the walls of St. Sophia is a sign of his ownership of the temple and the glorification of the prince in the eyes of contemporaries and descendants. On the wall of the St. Michael’s altar of the cathedral there is a trident of Iziaslav Yaroslavych, similar to the lilies on the frescoes of the cathedral, which in the conditions of feud marked the right of this prince to Kyiv and St. Sophia, its heart. Iziaslav’s trident appeared here during the difficult period between 1068 and 1078. The prince’s tridents did not appear in the graffiti of Sophia spontaneously, as their authors were inspired by the urgent needs of life at that time. Like the oldest dated graffiti on its walls, mosaics, and frescoes, Prince Volodymyr’s tridents confirm the inference that St. Sophia was founded by Volodymyr the Great in 1011, and during his reign the cathedral was built and decorated with mosaics and frescoes. Instead, Yaroslav’s tridents were not found on the walls of St. Sophia.
The article, for the first time in academic research, puts and comprehensively considers a unique phenomenon of picturing seven images stylized under the lily of the prince’s tridents of Volodymyr on the frescoes and graffiti of St. Sophia of Kyiv, which elucidates the time of the cathedral construction and its prince-builder. They are singled out as separate compositions, "inserted" in the center of large narrative scenes of the religious and secular nature. Four tridents of Volodymyr are present in four frescoes of the vestry, decorated with scenes from the cycle of the Virgin; two more are present in the fresco of the north stair tower, which is part of the secular cycle that tells about the conclusion of dynastic marriage between Prince Volodymyr and Byzantine Princess Anna. Two inverted tridents of Volodymyr, drawn by his warriors after the death of the prince, were found in the graffiti of St. Sophia. They appeared around 1017 after Yaroslav’s capture of the Kyiv throne. Volodymyr’s trident on the walls of St. Sophia is a sign of his ownership of the temple and the glorification of the prince in the eyes of contemporaries and descendants. On the wall of the St. Michael’s altar of the cathedral there is a trident of Iziaslav Yaroslavych, similar to the lilies on the frescoes of the cathedral, which in the conditions of feud marked the right of this prince to Kyiv and St. Sophia, its heart. Iziaslav’s trident appeared here during the difficult period between 1068 and 1078. The prince’s tridents did not appear in the graffiti of Sophia spontaneously, as their authors were inspired by the urgent needs of life at that time. Like the oldest dated graffiti on its walls, mosaics, and frescoes, Prince Volodymyr’s tridents confirm the inference that St. Sophia was founded by Volodymyr the Great in 1011, and during his reign the cathedral was built and decorated with mosaics and frescoes. Instead, Yaroslav’s tridents were not found on the walls of St. Sophia.
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Keywords
Софія Київська, Володимир Великий, Ярослав Мудрий, фрески, графіті, княжі тризуби, стаття, St. Sophia of Kyiv, Volodymyr the Great, Yaroslav the Wise, frescoes, graffiti, princely tridents
Citation
Нікітенко Н. М. Княжий тризуб на фресках і в графіті Софії Київської / Надія Нікітенко // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історія і теорія культури. - 2022. - Т. 5. - С. 27-37. - https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-8907.2022.5.27-37