Кафедра археології

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The absolute chronology of Cucuteni-Trypillia: isotopic dates vs archaeology
(2023) Videiko, Mykhailo
Матеріали доповіді учасника наукової конференції "Istorie - Arheologie - Muzeologie", 26-28 жовтня 2023 р., Кишинів.
Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads
(2018) Potekhina, Inna; Krzewińska, Maja; Kılınç, Gülşah; Juras, Anna; Koptekin, Dilek; Chyleński, Maciej; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Shcherbakov, Nikolai; Shuteleva, Iia; Leonova, Tatiana; Kraeva, Liudmila; Sungatov, Flarit A.; Sultanova, Alfija N.; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Dalén, Love; Sinika, Vitaly; Jakobsson, Mattias; Storå, Jan; Götherström, Anders
For millennia, the Pontic-Caspian steppe was a connector between the Eurasian steppe and Europe. In this scene, multidirectional and sequential movements of different populations may have occurred, including those of the Eurasian steppe nomads. We sequenced 35 genomes (low to medium coverage) of Bronze Age individuals (Srubnaya-Alakulskaya) and Iron Age nomads (Cimmerians, Scythians, and Sarmatians) that represent four distinct cultural entities corresponding to the chronological sequence of cultural complexes in the region. Our results suggest that, despite genetic links among these peoples, no group can be considered a direct ancestor of the subsequent group. The nomadic populations were heterogeneous and carried genetic affinities with populations from several other regions including the Far East and the southern Urals. We found evidence of a stable shared genetic signature, making the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe a likely source of western nomadic groups.
The Aquatic Neolithic: isotope, aDNA, radi-ocarbon, and osteological data analysis reveal asynchronous behavior in early prehistoric human societies of Ukraine
(2020) Budd, Chelsea; Potekhina, Inna; Snoeck, Christophe; Lillie, Malcolm
This research presents 300+ human and faunal samples (including 80 unpublished results), using multi-disciplinary techniques such as DNA analysis and various isotope applications, alongside osteological analysis, to provide holistic individual life histories. The results show long-term continuation of ܪshing practices from the Epi-Palaeolithic to Neolithic periods - no distinct shift from hunting to shing practices took place. DNA results show the predominance of indigenous hunter-gatherers, with limited genetic inclusions from proximal Anatolian farming populations.
Archaeozoological Analysis of Animal Remains from the Mesolithic Site of Kukrek Culture Igren'8 (Ukraine)
(2022) Stupak, Alina; Gorobets, Leonid; Smagol, Viktoria; Zalizniak, Leonid
Igren 8 is a settlement of hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic period. In total, 10 pit-dwellings were found, having been constructed by the people of the Kukrek Culture (the 8th – 7th Millenia BC). The present study focuses on revising the animal osteological material according to modern archaeozoological techniques. The study findings are related to the seasonal fluctuations of the settlement, the hunting specialisation of its inhabitants, and the details of taphonomy of the bones found. Moreover, a group of bone fragments were distinguished that constituted the waste material from bone tool production. The major groups of osseous industry are also described.
Balkan-Danube Version of the Neolithization of Ukraine
(2020) Zaliznyak, Leonid
The article deals with the problem of changing the concept of neolithization of the territory of Ukraine from the south-east, namely from the Caucasus to the south-west from the Danube region.
Baltic Migrants in the Middle Dnipro Region: A Comparative Study of the Late Viking Age Archaeological Complex of Ostriv, Ukraine
(2022) Shiroukhov, Roman; Baranov, Vyacheslav; Ivakin, Vsevolod; Kozak, Oleksandra; Borysov, Artem; Carnap-Bornheim, Claus Von; Kienle, Lorenz; Krause-Kyora, Ben; Meadows, John; Saleem, Khurram; Schuermann, Ulrich; Kozakaitė, Justina; Miliauskienė, Žydrūnė
The late viking-age cemetery of Ostriv, located approximately 80 km south of Kyiv in the region along the Ros’ River, was discovered by the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine team in 2017. By 2020, 67 inhumation graves had been excavated in an area of 1400 sq m. Most of the artefacts from Ostriv are uncommon in Ukraine, but frequently found in the East Baltic region. This suggests a complex multi-ethnic population, presumably consisting of Baltic region migrants and local Slavs, and represents the easternmost example of its kind. Ostriv is a vivid example of how research on complex, multi-ethnic ancient populations benefits from multidisciplinary international collaborations. This article provides the first synthesis of the archaeological artefacts and burial rites from Ostriv, informed by the results of 14C-dating, stable isotopes, aDNA, physical anthropology and nondestructive metal analyses. It represents an important contribution to the renewed interest in early medieval migration, ethnic complexity and cultural encounters.
The Balts and Kievan Rus’. New Baltic Cemetery of the 11th Century in Ukraine
(2019) Shiroukhov, Roman; Baranov, Vyacheslav; Ivakin, Vsevolod
Proceedings of 25th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Bern, 2019).
Burials with Weaponry in the Ostriv Baltic Graveyard in the Middle Dnieper Area (Excavated in 2017 and 2018)
(2018) Baranov, Vyacheslav; Ivakin, Vsevolod
This article is devoted to an analysis of burials with weaponry from the Ostriv graveyard near the River Ros’, about 100 kilometres to the south of Kyiv in the Middle Dnieper area, excavated during 2017 and 2018. Weapons (axes, pila, sword pommels) were discovered in 11 burials, representing approximately 20% of the total number of burials, and about 60% of all male burials investigated in the graveyard. An analysis of the material from the graveyard (weapons and jewellery) refers burials to West Balt migrants: Old Prussians, Curonians and Skalvians. They probably protected hill-forts of Kyivan Rus’ in the Ros’ region. The archaeological finds were supported by historical sources: chronicles of Kyivan Rusʼ. They evidence about the activities of Yaroslav the Wise aimed at reinforcing the southern borders of Kyivan Rus’. But it is hard to say exactly when Yaroslav relocated West Balts to the region of the River Ros’. Nevertheless, according to written sources and archaeological material, it could be dated from 1030 to the middle of the 11th century.
Catalogue of Komarów Culture Barrow Cemeteries in the Upper Dniester Drainage Basin : (former Stanisławów province)
(2016) Makarowicz, Przemysław; Kochkin, Ihor; Niebieszczański, Jakub; Romaniszyn, Jan; Cwaliński, Mateusz; Staniuk, Robert; Lepionka, Hubert; Hildebrandt-Radke, Iwona; Panakhyd, Halyna; Boltryk, Yuriy; Rud, Vitaliy; Wawrusiewicz, Adam; Tkachuk, Taras; Skrzyniecki, Rafał; Bahyrycz, Cezary
The present volume of "Archaeologia Bimaris" is published in a different convention from that of earlier monographs or articles in collective publications, which appeared in this series in national languages, mainly Polish, Ukrainian and Belorussian. "Catalogue of Komarów Culture Barrow Cemeteries in the Upper Dniester Drainage Basin (former Stanisławów province)", being published in English, satisfies the need to make the results of the joint Polish-Ukrainian research project more widely accessible. Its target audience is researchers studying barrows throughout Eurasia who have no command of Slavic languages. Usually, this purpose is met by "Baltic-Pontic Studies" (BPS), an English language journal published jointly by the AMU Institute of Prehistory and AMU Institute of Eastern Studies in Poznań (Aleksander Kośko, editor). However, its small format would not allow us to present best the extensive iconography. Th e reason for publishing the "Catalogue…" in the form hitherto reserved for BPS is therefore strictly practical in fact.
Chronometry of Late Eneolithic and "Early Bronze" cultures in the Middle Dniester area: investigations of the Yampil barrow complex
(2015) Goslar, Tomasz; Klochko, Viktor; Kośko, Aleksander; Włodarczak, Piotr; Żurkiewicz, Danuta
The paper discusses the 2010-2015 studies of the radiocarbon chronology of Podolia "barrow cultures" on the left bank of the middle dniester. The studies have relied on series of 14C dates for the Klembivka 1, Pidlisivka 1, Porohy 3a and Prydnistryanske 1 sites determined in Kyiv and Poznań laboratories. They are the irst attempt to construct a regional ("Yampil") radiocarbon scale for "Early Bronze" funerary rites (4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC) as practised by barrow builders – the communities of the Tripolye and Yamnaya cultures – and the secondary barrow users – the designers of necropolises located on barrows – belonging to the Catacomb, Babyno and Noua cultures.
Community negotiation and pasture partitioning at the Trypillia settlement of Maidanetske
(2022) Makarewicz, Cheryl; Hofmann, Robert; Videiko, Mykhailo; Müller, Johannes
The inhabitants of the vast Chalcolithic Trypillia sites of Eastern Europe required highly organised strategies to meet subsistence needs. Here, the authors use isotopic analyses of faunal remains from Maidanetske, Ukraine, to identify intensive and extensive grazing practices. The former demanded intra-community negotiation to ensure access to high-quality pastures for valuable animals such as dairy cows, suggesting that pasture may have also served socially integrative functions. The simultaneous use of extensive pasturing strategies for cattle placed on different pastureland suggests that landscapes were partitioned, with access determined by cooperation or competition. Maidanetske’s dual pasturing system reflects the importance of spatially organised practices in maintaining social structure.
Continuation of fishing subsistence in the Ukrainian Neolithic: diet isotope studies at Yasinovatka, Dnieper Rapids
(2020) Budd, Chelsea; Potekhina, Inna; Lillie, Malcolm
Yasinovatka is one of around 30 prehistoric cemetery sites of fisher-hunter-foragers located along the Dnieper River in southern Ukraine. Dating to c. 5540–4930 cal BC, the skeletal remains at Yasinovatka suggest that around sixty-eight individuals were interred at the cemetery, during three broad phases of interment: A-type burials (c. 5540–4930 cal BC), Ƃ1 pit burials (c. 5550– 4750 cal BC), and Ƃ2 pit burials (c. 4980–4460 cal BC). The burials are characterized, in part, by the inclusion of a number of Mariupol-type plates of boar tusk, in addition to deer tooth pendants, Unio shells, knife-like flint blades, Cyprinidae teeth, sherds of Neolithic pottery, and significant deposits of ochre in the later burial pits. Here we analyse δ13C and δ15N values for 50 human bone collagen samples from the site. The majority of the isotope results show a fisher-hunter-forager population reliant predominantly on freshwater aquatic proteins, which is in keeping with previous dietary isotope studies in the area. Two individuals however have δ15N values that are clearly depleted when compared with the main population; these reflect dietary protein intakes based on plant and animal terrestrial resources rather than the predominant focus on aquatic resources. Notably, the δ13C values of these anomalous individuals are not enriched compared with the fauna samples analysed from the region; this supports the possibility that they were incomers to the area, potentially from a nearby agrarian population.
The Crimea-Jutland Route and Fluted Mace Distribution (2500-800 BC). 21st-century attempts to update the conception and suggestions for future research
(Verlag dr. Rudolf Habelt GMBH, 2022) Kośko, Aleksander; Klochko, Viktor; Makarowicz, Przemysław
The article discusses the new finds of fluted maces (Type B) in the Baltic-Pontic Area. The first absolute dating of a Type-A mace is offered and two mace occurrence horizons are characterised, one referring to the second half of the 3rd millennium BC, and the other to the second half of the 2nd and the early 1st millennia BC. The topogenesis and cultural attribution of the maces are suggested and their role in establishing long-distance transit routes is described.
Cultural Interactions Between the Societies of the ‘Old Europe’ and the Steppe ‘Kurgan People’ During the Last Quarter of the 4th Millennium BC: Case Study of Serezlievka Local Group
(2022) Ivanov, Mykyta; Tupciyenko, Mykola
Cultural interactions between the societies of Old Europe and the Steppe ‘Kurgan people’ played a significant role in the academic writings of Maria Gimbutas. In her texts, the interplay between mentioned human groups was described as a dichotomy and was put into a framework of violent struggle. Three waves of destructive intrusion of steppe pastorals were reconstructed and the determinative role of ‘kurgan people’ in the spread of Indo-European nations was described (Gimbutas, 1993). However, although Gimbutas’ model is still influential and is used as a methodological framework for the most recent genomic studies (Haak et al., 2015), (Allentoft et al., 2015), (Juras et al., 2018), (Scorrano et al., 2021), there are certain archaeological data that allow suggesting a more complicated interaction than simple ‘east-to-west’ migration. In the current paper, we will publish a rare example of a kurgan burial with mixed Late Trypillia and ‘steppe’ traits, excavated by one of the authors in 1989 near the village of Pomichna. The context of similar burials discovered in the south of Eastern Europe between the South Buh and Dnieper rivers will be provided. The emergence of the Serezlievka local group with a hybrid Trypillia-steppe identity at the end of the 4th millennium BC will be conceptualized.
Deficiency diseases in the Kyiv Rus' subadult population: The issue of the small sample effects
(2023) Kozak, Oleksandra; Diachenko, Aleksandr
This paper underlines the importance of the small sample effects consideration in paleopathological research providing an example of children from Kyiv Rus’ cemeteries dated to the 10th–13th century AD. The study presents data introduction and systematization, i.e., construction of the statistically significant disease profiles combining the analyzed sites according to the distribution of anemia, scurvy, and rickets. Then we present usually provided (often ‘associative’) interpretations for the obtained results and question their reliability from the perspective of the small samples effects. This leads to the discussion of explanatory limits of bioarcheological research basing on the small sample analysis.
Dendrochronological dating of the Aqkerman Fortress: preliminary results
(Інститут археології НАН України, 2022) Wazny, Tomasz; Boltryk, Yuriy; Sagaidak, Severyn
Додаток 4. до колективної монографії "Аккерманська фортеця : дослідження 1999-2010 років", Київ, ІА НАН України, 2022.
Domniemane cmentarzysko Lachów w Mykolajiwce nad Rosią, obw. Czerkaski, Ukraina. Nowy etap badań
(Instytut Kultury Europejskiej, 2022) Borysow, Artem; Dzik, Michał; Kurek, Marta
Wczesnośredniowieczny kompleks osadniczy w Mykolajiwce nad Rosią, dopływem Dniepru, znany jest m.in. z cmentarzyska, które od blisko 70 lat funkcjonuje w piśmiennictwie, jako miejsce pochówku latopisowych Lachów. Według Powieści dorocznej mieli oni zostać przesiedleni nad Roś przez Jarosława Mądrego, po najeździe na państwo Piastów w 1031 r. W 2019 r. rozpoczęto realizację projektu, którego celem jest pełniejsze rozpoznanie tamtejszego kompleksu osadniczego.
The dynamics of the development of the system of "centers of power" in the Precucuteni-Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex
(2022) Videiko, Mykhailo
Materials of the report of the participant of the Scientific conference "Of the National History Museum of Moldova" (XXXII edition) October 27-28, 2022.
The earliest finds of Panathenaic prize amphorae in Olbia Pontica
(2022) Bujskikh, Alla; Khmelevskiy, Dmytro
The paper aims to publish the two fragments of Panathenaic prize amphorae from Olbia Pontica. They were found in the same stratigraphic condition when the cultural layer with the archaeological materials dated to the 6th century BC was mixed with the materials of the 1st – the 2nd centuries AD while the defensive buildings of the Roman citadel were erected. The main features of depictions include Athena’s head in the Attic helmet with the high crescent upon the tongue motifs, a spear in her right hand with a bracelet, a Medusas’ snake from the aegis above her shoulder, and a rooster on a votive column behind her – on the first fragment and a figure of a running athlete – on the second fragment, both with the added colors, allowed to propose their certain attribution. Both fragments represent the different sides of the Panathenaic prize amphorae. The stylistic analysis of the fragments allowed us to date them to the last third of the 6th century BC and to draw a conclusion about their belonging to the same amphora. The latter had been manufactured at the time of the Antimenes Painter. Apart from Olbia, the pieces of the Panathenaic prize amphorae which can be dated to the last third of the 6th century BC were found in Histria and Panticapaeum. Thus, the whole Northern Pontic area was incorporated into the distribution of Panathenaic prize amphorae in the time before 500 BC.
Early metallurgy of Ukraine of the late 5th-4th millennia BC: an outline
(2023) Ivanov, Mykyta
According to the classical model of the metallurgical raw material supply chain proposed by Eugeniy Chernykh, the Eneolithic and Early Bronze age cultures of Ukraine were completely dependent on imported raw material. It seems that the main supplier of metal, as well as some complete goods during the 5th and 4th Millennia BC, was the ‘Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province (CBMP)’ while during the 3rd Millennium BC, the provision chain was reoriented towards the ‘Circumpontic Metallurgical Province (CMP)’. Yet, new discoveries that were made during the 1990s-2020s indicate the need for the amendment of such a model. This is the aim of the current paper. In the following text, the concept of four Ukrainian local metallurgical provinces and two metalworking foci will be introduced. The typology and dating of the recently discovered metal objects as well as metallurgical tools will be provided. The question of the existence of domestic metallurgical raw material deposits will be discussed.

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