Кафедра екології

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Ab initio розрахунки борофосфідних кластерів
(2000) Ісаєв, С.; Гребешок, А.; Черногоренко, В.; Корнілов, М.
Методом ab initio (HF, МР2) розраховані величини загальної енергії кластерів . для m = = 4 —12. Знайдені ентальпії перетворення моноелементних кластерів у мішані. З'ясовано, що ймовірне утворення кластерів з приблизно однаковою кількістю атомів бору та фосфору. Вже для т = 12 мішані кластери стають невигідними.
Actual Problems of Health Protection of Ukrainian Youth
(2015) Posudin, Yuriy
Розглядаються основні проблеми зі здоров'ям української молоді, викликані неякісним швидким харчуванням, пивним алкоголізмом, курінням. Внаслідок цих згубних звичок, а також непродуманої державної політики та впливу реклами, молоде покоління страждає від низки небезпечних захворювань, що ведуть у ряді випадків до смертельних наслідків.
Algorithm for simulating melting polar ice, Earth internal movement and volcano eruption with 3-dimensional inertia tensor
(2023) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This paper reports the result of an investigation of a hypothesis that the melting polar ice of Earth flowing down to the equatorial region causes volcano eruptions. We assumed a cube inside the spherical body of Earth, formulated a 3-dimensional inertia tensor of the cube, and then simulated the redistribution of the mass that is to be caused by the movement of melted ice on the Earth’s surface. Such mass distribution changes the inertia tensor of the cube. Then, the cube’s rotation inside Earth was simulated by multiplying the Euler angle matrix by the inertia tensor. Then, changes in the energy intensity and the angular momentum of the cube were calculated as coefficients of Hamiltonian equations of motion, which are made of the inertia tensor and sine and cosine curves of the rotation angles. The calculations show that the melted ice increases Earth’s internal energy intensity and angular momentum, possibly increasing volcano eruptions.
Allelopathic activity analysis of the invasive grassland species Elaeagnus angustifolia L. by t he method of Neubauer & Schneider
(2016) Norenko, Kateryna
The material of the speech at 13th Eurasian Grassland Conference Management and Conservation of Semi-natural grasslands: from theory to practice (Sighişoara, Romania, 20-24 September 2016).
Analysis and assessment of the environmental situation within Muromets Island (Kyiv)
(2022) Derevska, Kateryna; Nesterovskyi, Victor; Manyuk, Volodymyr; Rudenko, Kseniia; Hurina, Maria
The environmental situation within Muromets floodplain island, which is considered one of the oldest and largest islands of the Kyiv metropolis was studied. This sandy island was formed due to fluvial migration and numerous alluvial deposits since the Holocene. The island is located in the modern Dnipro floodplain, bordering Trukhaniv Island from the south. The environmental state of the island’s plants, landscapes, water bodies, soils and rocks was analyzed. The environmental protection objects of the territory were also characterized. Satellite images of the Earth’s surface over the past 37 years were analyzed to study modern changes in the island outline and hydrography within the Dnipro floodplain near Kyiv. Changes in the shoreline of Muromets Island were assessed. Using our field research data, cartographic schemes, space photographs and scientific publications of various years, we characterized the island’s geological environment, presented the dynamics of shoreline development, analyzed the ecological situation, and identified environmental problems. We found that the island’s environmental condition correlates with the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The degree and severity of impact of the above-mentioned factors on the island’s geological environment was established. It was shown that intense changes in this territory occur due to the geological work of surface water and the work of the wind ,which are intensified by anthropogenic actions. The land shoreline has been migrating for a long time as a result of active water erosion by the Dnipro, Desna and Chartoryi (Desenka) rivers and their tributaries. New straits, peninsulas and individual small islands are formed. The results indicate significant natural dynamics of the Dnipro floodplain development, which occurs against the background of anthropogenic influence, the pressure of which is constantly increasing. The complex of anthropogenic and natural factors lead to the active development of invasive plants, eutrophication of water bodies, shoreline erosion, and significant loss of water and land resources of Muromets Island. The conclusions substantiated in the article are of general geological, ecological and practical significance. They are the beginning of environmental monitoring on this issue, expand knowledge about the peculiarities of the geological structure of Kyiv and the Dnipro floodplain, and update data on the development and ecological situation of this territory. This provides an opportunity to predict and determine the direction of development of negative environmental changes in advance, to make early decisions regarding agents of negative influence and pressure on the geological environment, and to respond in time to their localization or termination. The obtained data can also be used in the arrangement of geological and engineering works related to the preservation of the Dnipro floodplain and the shoreline of the dry land, as well as in the planning of environmental protection measures.
Analysis of grassland ANPP dynamics due to changes in climate variables at Ukrainian Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova"
(2017) Belyakov, Sergiy; Gofman, Orysia; Vyshenska, Iryna; Zvegintsev, Sergey
The Ukrainian feather-grass steppe ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate changes. To study the impact of climatic factors on steppe ecosystems’ productivity, the correlation and stepwise regression analysis between ANPP and other variables were provided. The correlation of bioclimatic variables (month precipitation, relative humidity and air and soil temperatures) and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were investigated for three study plots that represent major steppe microrelief: plain, slope and lowland. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the major components that influenced the ANPP at each of the study plots "Plain", "Slope" and "Lowland". The precipitation and relative humidity in the months before the vegetation peak were most important for ANPP accumulation. Results of this study are important for the prediction of ecosystem changes under the climate changes and also for the development of nature conservation programmes.
Analysis of Moon's gravitational - wave and Earth's global temperature: influence of timetrend and cyclic change of distance from Moon
(2018) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This research examined the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave to Earth’s global warming process and the effects of time-trend and cyclic change of the distance between Moon and Earth. In the pervious research, we found that the Moon’s gravitational-wave could influence the process of the Earth’s global warming; and, we also found that Moon’s cyclic movement around Earth needed to be further investigated, because it gave a unique pattern of distribution in the data for the empirical analysis; while both global temperature and global carbon-dioxide increase almost linearly in the time-series. In this research we added dummy binary variables that simulate the trend of time and the cyclic changes. As a result we confirmed that the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave is significant in the process of rising global temperature on Earth.
Antarctic Hairgrass Rhizosphere Microbiomes: Microscale Effects Shape Diversity, Structure, and Function
(2022) Prekrasna, Ievgeniia; Pavlovska, Mariia; Miryuta, Natalia; Dzhulai, Artem; Dykyi, Evgen; Convey, Peter; Kozeretska, Iryna; Bedernichek, Tymur; Parnikoza, Ivan
The rhizosphere microbiome of the native Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica from the central maritime Antarctic was investigated using 16S RNA metagenomics and compared to those of the second native Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis and closely related temperate D. cespitosa. The rhizosphere microbial communities of D. antarctica and D. cespitosa had high taxon richness, while that of C. quitensis had markedly lower diversity. The majority of bacteria in the rhizosphere communities of the hairgrass were affiliated to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The rhizosphere of C. quitensis was dominated by Actinobacteria. All microbial communities included high proportions of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and there was high heterogeneity between samples at the ASV level. The soil parameters examined did not explain this heterogeneity. Bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were sensitive to fluctuations in the soil surface temperature. The values of the United Soil Surface Temperature Influence Index (UTII, It i) showed that variations in most microbial communities from Galindez Island were associated with microscale variations in temperature. Metabolic predictions in silico using PICRUSt 2.0, based on the taxonomically affiliated part of the microbiomes, showed similarities with the rhizosphere community of D. antarctica in terms of the predicted functional repertoire. The results obtained indicate that these communities are involved in the primary processes of soil development (particularly the degradation of lignin and lignin-derived compounds) in the central maritime Antarctic and may be beneficial for the growth of Antarctic vascular plants. However, due to the limitations associated with interpreting PICRUSt 2.0 outputs, these predictions need to be verified experimentally.
Assessing Climate Aridity Trends in Southern Ukraine during 1991-2020
(2023) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetyana; Maidanovych, Nadiia; Myronova, T.
Assessment of Climate Aridity Trends in the Southern Region of Ukraine was conducted using data meteostations for the period 1991-2020. The analysis of climate aridization trends over the past 30 years in the study region has revealed a notable intensification of this process, especially in recent years. The hottest summer months occurred in 1992, 1999, 2001-2003, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2017-2019. These periods were marked by anomaly high temperatures, dry winds, extended non-rainfall periods, and low air humidity, often reaching as low as 30%. Over the past 30 years, from March to October, the Southern Region experienced an average of 203±6 non-rainfall days, with a trend indicating an increase by an average of 0.4±0.1 days per 10 years. Conversely, the number of days with relative humidity up to 30% on the March–October time scale averaged 41±16 days, with a tendency to increase by 1.2±0.7 days per 10 years. The highest occurrence of days with relative humidity up to 30%, on average in the region, is typically observed in July and August (7 and 10 days per month, respectively). To assess climate aridity and calculate drought severity for vegetation were used a satellite-derived Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Drought indices derived from the summed VHI values in August for the years 2007, 2018, and 2020 in the Southern Region of Ukraine are presented.
Assessing the influence of different types of anthropogenic impact on beech forest ecosystems structure in Latorica river basin
(2013) Kozak, Olena
The six habitat types in beech forest zone in Latorica river basin have been studied: 1. Primary beech forests; 2. Modified beech forests; 3. Semi-natural beech forests; 4. Secondary hay meadows; 5. Secondary pasture meadows; 6. Ruderal habitat. Indicator species analysis, biodiversity indices calculations (species richness, evenness, Shennon-Wiener index and Simpson index), ecosystem structure and species composition assessment have been performed.
Assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates on surface air temperature values for a plain part of Ukraine
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Maidanovych, N.; Zabarna, O.
The main principles of the methodology for assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) on the values of annual and average monthly temperature in Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 are proposed. Thus, the annual surface air temperature decreases by an average: of 0.69oС per 100 m of height above sea level, of 0.51oС with a shift of one degree of latitude to the north, and of 0.08oС with a shift of one degree of longitude to the East. The altitudinal and latitudinal gradients of temperature have the greatest spatiotemporal variability and the longitudinal gradient has the smallest one. These gradients generate "microclimatic noise" of temperature. On their basis, a regional semi-empirical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of the average monthly temperature for the plain part of Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 was worked out. A comparison of values of model average annual and monthly temperature for 58 meteostations in Ukraine with their actual values showed a statistically significant correlation. Additionally, validation of semi-empirical model average monthly temperature for 10 other stations was carried out.
Assessment of aridization of climatic conditions on the Crimean Peninsula in summer using ground and satellite data
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetiana
Climate vulnerability of the Crimean Peninsula is assessed based on the temperature and precipitation changes for the period 1991-2021 and satellite-derived drought index (VHI) variations for the period 2001-2021. There is an increase of temperature on average by 0.78±0.01 oC per 10 years in summer, and a slight change in precipitation in June and July (within 2±1%). While in August there is a decrease of the precipitation amount by 10-12%. According to analysed data, the most severe drought condition manifestation on the Crimean Peninsula over the last twenty years was observed in 2007, 2017, 2018 and 2020. In the central part of the Crimean peninsula, which belongs to the climatic zone of Steppe Crimea, arid conditions had the greatest manifestation and distribution (zones with extreme and severe drought conditions are observed). Minor areas in the mountainous part of the Crimea also have signs of arid conditions, but for the most part the condition of vegetation is satisfactory in this area. In percentage terms, in 2007 VHI values of extreme and severe drought occupied 57% and 20% of the peninsula’s area accordingly, as well 10% and 29% in 2017, 7% and 22% in 2018 and 11% and 26% in 2020.
Assessment of lost benefits for nature conservation areas and objects due to war in the post-war recovery system of the country
(2023) Horoshkova, Lidiia; Vasyl'yeva, O.; Antoniuk, D.; Antoniuk, K.; Horoshkov, S.; Tarasenko, O.
The study involves an analysis of the existing "Methodology for Determining Damage and the Extent of Losses Incurred by Enterprises, Institutions, and Organizations of All Forms of Ownership Due to the Destruction and Damage to Their Property as a Result of Armed Aggression by Russian Federation, as well as Lost Benefits from the Inability or Obstruction of Economic Activity Implementation" for its application in assessing the lost benefits of the Azov-Syvash National Natural Park. Considering the non-profit nature of the institution’s activities, proposals are developed to improve the Methodology by creating an algorithm for assessing lost benefits for non-profit organizations engaged in economic activities and of significant societal/state importance. Determining the extent of lost benefits was carried out using the following estimation procedures: analysis and determination of the compounding period within which the lost benefit from the asset (property) is considered; calculation of the annual amount of cash flows and conversion into a monthly amount for the entire compounding period; justification of the components of the compounding rate and its determination; determination of the future value of cash flows at the end of the compounding period through compounding these cash flows.
Assessment of mountain ecosystems changes under anthropogenic pressure in Latorica river basin (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine)
(2014) Kozak, Olena; Didukh, Yakiv
The Carpathian mountain ecosystems have been changed under anthropogenic pressure during last decades. The different types of anthropogenic pressure affect the ecosystem characteristics and functioning. The species composition, species richness and ecological indicator values of 12 ecological factors were compared among 14 habitats: natural, semi-natural, degraded and ruderal ecosystems in different altitude zones. The results show that anthropogenic pressure and altitude gradient influence indices of edaphic and climate conditions. The anthropogenic pressure also affects biodiversity: the highest species richness and Shannon–Wiener index are observed in habitats with ‘intermediate’ disturbances level, while high level of disturbances cause decrease in biodiversity. The disturbances cause the ecosystem to become susceptible to invasion of alien species, while native species, especially rare, become vulnerable and can disappear.
Asymptotic Methods in Optimization of Inventory Business Processes
(2019) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Volkov, Volodymyr; Holovan, Olha; Markova, Svitlana
The use of inventory management models enables the management of the company to optimize logistics business processes and to reduce fixed and variable costs of production, order and sales. The study proposes a multi- nomenclature model for optimizing inventory business processes using asymptotic methods. An easy-to-use analytical formula for determining optimal order interval, when order and inventory holding costs meet insufficient cyclical changes, is obtained. Testing of the developed model of optimization of inventory business processes was carried out on the example of the enterprise operating in the HoReCa segment of Zaporizhzhia the regional market. The proposed multi- nomenclature inventory management model enables the company management to apply situational management of these processes, modeling the changes caused by increased product storage costs and order fulfillment.
Asymptotic methods in optimization of multi-item inventory management model
(2020) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Volkov, Volodymyr; Holovan, Olha; Markova, Svitlana; Golub, Alexander; Oliynyk, Oleksandr
The study proposes asymptotic methods for optimizing multi-item inventory model. To achieve the objective of the study, formulas of the optimal value of multi-item delivery frequency based on the asymptotic approach under conditions of minor changes in the input parameters have been obtained. The discrete increase in the execution costs and inventory holding costs which depend on the “small parameter” as well as a gradual increase in periodic fluctuations in demand for products have been taken as variable parameters of the system. Easytouse analytical formulas for determining optimal order interval when ordering and inventory holding costs, as well as demand meet insufficient changes have been obtained. Testing of the proposed approach to the multi-item inventory model has been carried out on the example of HoReCa regional market segment. The proposed formulas allow to apply the obtained results for optimization and forecasting of decision-making in the system of procurement logistics of a company amid variation of input parameters describing changes of external and internal business environment.
Autotrophic communities’ diversity in natural and artificial water-bodies of a river estuary: a case-study of the Dnieper-Bug Estuary, Ukraine
(2020) Shcherbak, Volodymyr; Sherman, Isaak; Semeniuk, Nataliia; Kutishchev, Pavlo
Spatial distribution of plant communities in the human-modified aquatic ecosystemwithin the Dnieper–Bug Estuary is marked by discrete-continuous patterns. Continuity iscaused by hydrological interconnection between the subsystems, and discreteness — byhabitat diversity. For higher aquatic plants, the continuity aspect consists in overgrowth ofemergent plants all-round the shoreline in both subsystems. The discreteness aspect isnoticed in presence of floating-leaf plants’ and submerged plants’ belts in the naturalsubsystem only (the lake) and their absence in the artificial one (the sand quarry). For algalcommunities, continuity is observed in predominance of the same divisions in bothsubsystems. Discreteness manifests itself in higher taxonomic and floristic diversity ofalgae in the natural subsystem, than in the artificial one. The process of hydrologicalinteraction between phytoplankton and epiphytic algae is another important mechanismsustaining continuity of algal communities
Bioactive substances of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. from the Darboux and Lagotellerie Islands, western coast of Antarctic Peninsula
(2023) Ivannikov, R.; Anishchenko, V.; Poronnik, O.; Myryuta, G.; Miryuta, N.; Boyko, O.; Hrytsak, L.; Parnikoza, Ivan
The study aimed to investigate a wide spectrum of biologically active substances of an aboriginal Antarctic plant (Colobanthus quitensis) from the central and southern parts of its Antarctic part of general spread collected in 2020–2022. For 17 plants from 2 populations, we obtained extracts and analyzed them using high-throughput chromatography (HPLC). This was the first biochemical screening of plants from previously not investigated parts of this species’ range (Graham Coast and Marguerite Bay in the maritime Antarctic). The HPLC method characterized the overall metabolite pools and their separate components which could potentially have high biological activity. The most numerous groups of compounds included phenols and benzoic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, apigenin glycosides, luteolin glycosides, tricin glycosides, flavonoid conjugates of the hydroxycinnamic acids, chlorophyll catabolites, carotenoids, terpenoids, and sterols. The quantitative content of the pearlwort’s metabolites depended on the population, probably due to the differences in the microhabitats. Meanwhile, such variability offers a wide selection of possible targets for biochemical screening. The Antarctic pearlwort is richer in some conjugates (such as flavonoid conjugates with the hydroxybenzoic acids) than the other Antarctic aboriginal plant – Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica). The determined substances might potentially be of great practical significance.
Calculating Energy Density and Spin Momentum Density of Moon's Gravitational Waves in Rectilinear Coordinates
(2019) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
In this research the energy density was calculated and the spin momentum density of Moon’s gravitational waves in the rectilinear coordinates’ system of Moon’s gravity and Earth’s global temperature. At first, we assumed an action principle that combines the gravitational field and gravitational waves, which formulate a closed system, together with Earth’s global temperature. And, then, we calculated the energy densities of those energy field and waves, which are calculated as their variances in the rectilinear coordinates, also to calculate their coefficients and standard errors of the calculated coefficients. The calculated results are consistent with the findings of our previous research, which shows the negative contribution of gravitational waves to Earth’s global temperature, while the gravitational field positively contributes to the global temperature. We also calculated spin momentum of Moon’s gravitational waves in the system of rectilinear coordinates.
Calculation of loss inflicted and expected caused by dangerous geological natural events (case of abrasion and landslide)
(2021) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Menshov, O.
The methodology of comprehensive assessment and forecasting of socio-economic loss inflicted and expected caused by landslides and abrasion processes taking into account, climate changes has been proposed in the article. The relevance of chain effects from the simultaneous negative impacts has been emphasized. The following outcomes have been figured out: reduction of recreational opportunities aimed at health improvement and territorial unemployment rate growth due to the number of vacationers` drop. It has been proved that the assessment of the expected economic loss rate should include lower health and recreation stock loss caused by coastline beaches` loss, which fuels shorten local budget revenues and number of businesses, additional unemployed assistance, and transporters` loss. The study results` one could use when calculating the required costs to prevent and avoid natural emergencies caused by landslides and abrasion.

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