Кафедра екології

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12296

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 554

Ab initio розрахунки борофосфідних кластерів
(2000) Ісаєв, С.; Гребешок, А.; Черногоренко, В.; Корнілов, М.
Методом ab initio (HF, МР2) розраховані величини загальної енергії кластерів . для m = = 4 —12. Знайдені ентальпії перетворення моноелементних кластерів у мішані. З'ясовано, що ймовірне утворення кластерів з приблизно однаковою кількістю атомів бору та фосфору. Вже для т = 12 мішані кластери стають невигідними.
Actual Problems of Health Protection of Ukrainian Youth
(2015) Posudin, Yuriy
Розглядаються основні проблеми зі здоров'ям української молоді, викликані неякісним швидким харчуванням, пивним алкоголізмом, курінням. Внаслідок цих згубних звичок, а також непродуманої державної політики та впливу реклами, молоде покоління страждає від низки небезпечних захворювань, що ведуть у ряді випадків до смертельних наслідків.
Algorithm for simulating melting polar ice, Earth internal movement and volcano eruption with 3-dimensional inertia tensor
(2023) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This paper reports the result of an investigation of a hypothesis that the melting polar ice of Earth flowing down to the equatorial region causes volcano eruptions. We assumed a cube inside the spherical body of Earth, formulated a 3-dimensional inertia tensor of the cube, and then simulated the redistribution of the mass that is to be caused by the movement of melted ice on the Earth’s surface. Such mass distribution changes the inertia tensor of the cube. Then, the cube’s rotation inside Earth was simulated by multiplying the Euler angle matrix by the inertia tensor. Then, changes in the energy intensity and the angular momentum of the cube were calculated as coefficients of Hamiltonian equations of motion, which are made of the inertia tensor and sine and cosine curves of the rotation angles. The calculations show that the melted ice increases Earth’s internal energy intensity and angular momentum, possibly increasing volcano eruptions.
Allelopathic activity analysis of the invasive grassland species Elaeagnus angustifolia L. by t he method of Neubauer & Schneider
(2016) Norenko, Kateryna
The material of the speech at 13th Eurasian Grassland Conference Management and Conservation of Semi-natural grasslands: from theory to practice (Sighişoara, Romania, 20-24 September 2016).
Analysis and assessment of the environmental situation within Muromets Island (Kyiv)
(2022) Derevska, Kateryna; Nesterovskyi, Victor; Manyuk, Volodymyr; Rudenko, Kseniia; Hurina, Maria
The environmental situation within Muromets floodplain island, which is considered one of the oldest and largest islands of the Kyiv metropolis was studied. This sandy island was formed due to fluvial migration and numerous alluvial deposits since the Holocene. The island is located in the modern Dnipro floodplain, bordering Trukhaniv Island from the south. The environmental state of the island’s plants, landscapes, water bodies, soils and rocks was analyzed. The environmental protection objects of the territory were also characterized. Satellite images of the Earth’s surface over the past 37 years were analyzed to study modern changes in the island outline and hydrography within the Dnipro floodplain near Kyiv. Changes in the shoreline of Muromets Island were assessed. Using our field research data, cartographic schemes, space photographs and scientific publications of various years, we characterized the island’s geological environment, presented the dynamics of shoreline development, analyzed the ecological situation, and identified environmental problems. We found that the island’s environmental condition correlates with the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The degree and severity of impact of the above-mentioned factors on the island’s geological environment was established. It was shown that intense changes in this territory occur due to the geological work of surface water and the work of the wind ,which are intensified by anthropogenic actions. The land shoreline has been migrating for a long time as a result of active water erosion by the Dnipro, Desna and Chartoryi (Desenka) rivers and their tributaries. New straits, peninsulas and individual small islands are formed. The results indicate significant natural dynamics of the Dnipro floodplain development, which occurs against the background of anthropogenic influence, the pressure of which is constantly increasing. The complex of anthropogenic and natural factors lead to the active development of invasive plants, eutrophication of water bodies, shoreline erosion, and significant loss of water and land resources of Muromets Island. The conclusions substantiated in the article are of general geological, ecological and practical significance. They are the beginning of environmental monitoring on this issue, expand knowledge about the peculiarities of the geological structure of Kyiv and the Dnipro floodplain, and update data on the development and ecological situation of this territory. This provides an opportunity to predict and determine the direction of development of negative environmental changes in advance, to make early decisions regarding agents of negative influence and pressure on the geological environment, and to respond in time to their localization or termination. The obtained data can also be used in the arrangement of geological and engineering works related to the preservation of the Dnipro floodplain and the shoreline of the dry land, as well as in the planning of environmental protection measures.
Analysis of grassland ANPP dynamics due to changes in climate variables at Ukrainian Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova"
(2017) Belyakov, Sergiy; Gofman, Orysia; Vyshenska, Iryna; Zvegintsev, Sergey
The Ukrainian feather-grass steppe ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate changes. To study the impact of climatic factors on steppe ecosystems’ productivity, the correlation and stepwise regression analysis between ANPP and other variables were provided. The correlation of bioclimatic variables (month precipitation, relative humidity and air and soil temperatures) and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were investigated for three study plots that represent major steppe microrelief: plain, slope and lowland. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the major components that influenced the ANPP at each of the study plots "Plain", "Slope" and "Lowland". The precipitation and relative humidity in the months before the vegetation peak were most important for ANPP accumulation. Results of this study are important for the prediction of ecosystem changes under the climate changes and also for the development of nature conservation programmes.
Analysis of Moon's gravitational - wave and Earth's global temperature: influence of timetrend and cyclic change of distance from Moon
(2018) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This research examined the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave to Earth’s global warming process and the effects of time-trend and cyclic change of the distance between Moon and Earth. In the pervious research, we found that the Moon’s gravitational-wave could influence the process of the Earth’s global warming; and, we also found that Moon’s cyclic movement around Earth needed to be further investigated, because it gave a unique pattern of distribution in the data for the empirical analysis; while both global temperature and global carbon-dioxide increase almost linearly in the time-series. In this research we added dummy binary variables that simulate the trend of time and the cyclic changes. As a result we confirmed that the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave is significant in the process of rising global temperature on Earth.
Antarctic Hairgrass Rhizosphere Microbiomes: Microscale Effects Shape Diversity, Structure, and Function
(2022) Prekrasna, Ievgeniia; Pavlovska, Mariia; Miryuta, Natalia; Dzhulai, Artem; Dykyi, Evgen; Convey, Peter; Kozeretska, Iryna; Bedernichek, Tymur; Parnikoza, Ivan
The rhizosphere microbiome of the native Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica from the central maritime Antarctic was investigated using 16S RNA metagenomics and compared to those of the second native Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis and closely related temperate D. cespitosa. The rhizosphere microbial communities of D. antarctica and D. cespitosa had high taxon richness, while that of C. quitensis had markedly lower diversity. The majority of bacteria in the rhizosphere communities of the hairgrass were affiliated to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The rhizosphere of C. quitensis was dominated by Actinobacteria. All microbial communities included high proportions of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and there was high heterogeneity between samples at the ASV level. The soil parameters examined did not explain this heterogeneity. Bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were sensitive to fluctuations in the soil surface temperature. The values of the United Soil Surface Temperature Influence Index (UTII, It i) showed that variations in most microbial communities from Galindez Island were associated with microscale variations in temperature. Metabolic predictions in silico using PICRUSt 2.0, based on the taxonomically affiliated part of the microbiomes, showed similarities with the rhizosphere community of D. antarctica in terms of the predicted functional repertoire. The results obtained indicate that these communities are involved in the primary processes of soil development (particularly the degradation of lignin and lignin-derived compounds) in the central maritime Antarctic and may be beneficial for the growth of Antarctic vascular plants. However, due to the limitations associated with interpreting PICRUSt 2.0 outputs, these predictions need to be verified experimentally.
Assessing Climate Aridity Trends in Southern Ukraine during 1991-2020
(2023) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetyana; Maidanovych, Nadiia; Myronova, T.
Assessment of Climate Aridity Trends in the Southern Region of Ukraine was conducted using data meteostations for the period 1991-2020. The analysis of climate aridization trends over the past 30 years in the study region has revealed a notable intensification of this process, especially in recent years. The hottest summer months occurred in 1992, 1999, 2001-2003, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2017-2019. These periods were marked by anomaly high temperatures, dry winds, extended non-rainfall periods, and low air humidity, often reaching as low as 30%. Over the past 30 years, from March to October, the Southern Region experienced an average of 203±6 non-rainfall days, with a trend indicating an increase by an average of 0.4±0.1 days per 10 years. Conversely, the number of days with relative humidity up to 30% on the March–October time scale averaged 41±16 days, with a tendency to increase by 1.2±0.7 days per 10 years. The highest occurrence of days with relative humidity up to 30%, on average in the region, is typically observed in July and August (7 and 10 days per month, respectively). To assess climate aridity and calculate drought severity for vegetation were used a satellite-derived Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Drought indices derived from the summed VHI values in August for the years 2007, 2018, and 2020 in the Southern Region of Ukraine are presented.
Assessing the influence of different types of anthropogenic impact on beech forest ecosystems structure in Latorica river basin
(2013) Kozak, Olena
The six habitat types in beech forest zone in Latorica river basin have been studied: 1. Primary beech forests; 2. Modified beech forests; 3. Semi-natural beech forests; 4. Secondary hay meadows; 5. Secondary pasture meadows; 6. Ruderal habitat. Indicator species analysis, biodiversity indices calculations (species richness, evenness, Shennon-Wiener index and Simpson index), ecosystem structure and species composition assessment have been performed.
Assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates on surface air temperature values for a plain part of Ukraine
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Maidanovych, N.; Zabarna, O.
The main principles of the methodology for assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) on the values of annual and average monthly temperature in Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 are proposed. Thus, the annual surface air temperature decreases by an average: of 0.69oС per 100 m of height above sea level, of 0.51oС with a shift of one degree of latitude to the north, and of 0.08oС with a shift of one degree of longitude to the East. The altitudinal and latitudinal gradients of temperature have the greatest spatiotemporal variability and the longitudinal gradient has the smallest one. These gradients generate "microclimatic noise" of temperature. On their basis, a regional semi-empirical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of the average monthly temperature for the plain part of Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 was worked out. A comparison of values of model average annual and monthly temperature for 58 meteostations in Ukraine with their actual values showed a statistically significant correlation. Additionally, validation of semi-empirical model average monthly temperature for 10 other stations was carried out.
Assessment of aridization of climatic conditions on the Crimean Peninsula in summer using ground and satellite data
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetiana
Climate vulnerability of the Crimean Peninsula is assessed based on the temperature and precipitation changes for the period 1991-2021 and satellite-derived drought index (VHI) variations for the period 2001-2021. There is an increase of temperature on average by 0.78±0.01 oC per 10 years in summer, and a slight change in precipitation in June and July (within 2±1%). While in August there is a decrease of the precipitation amount by 10-12%. According to analysed data, the most severe drought condition manifestation on the Crimean Peninsula over the last twenty years was observed in 2007, 2017, 2018 and 2020. In the central part of the Crimean peninsula, which belongs to the climatic zone of Steppe Crimea, arid conditions had the greatest manifestation and distribution (zones with extreme and severe drought conditions are observed). Minor areas in the mountainous part of the Crimea also have signs of arid conditions, but for the most part the condition of vegetation is satisfactory in this area. In percentage terms, in 2007 VHI values of extreme and severe drought occupied 57% and 20% of the peninsula’s area accordingly, as well 10% and 29% in 2017, 7% and 22% in 2018 and 11% and 26% in 2020.
Assessment of Green Space's State Along Highways: A Case Study of Kiltseva Road (Kyiv, Ukraine)
(2024) Vorobiova, K.; Kozak, O.; Khlobystov, D.
The types of green spaces within a 1 km radius of Kyiv’s Kiltseva Road were identified using the buffering method in the QGIS geoinformation environment. GIS techniques were used to analyze the vegetation cover, specifically utilizing land use data from OpenStreetMap. Field observations in July 2024 focused on assessing leaf damage in the most abundant tree species (Tilia cordata Mill., Populus nigra L., Acer platanoides L., A. negundo L., and Picea pungens Engelm.) at 13 selected points along Kiltseva Road. The assessment includes leaf damage caused by pathogens and pests (including chlorosis, necrosis, pigmentation, pathogens and herbivore damage). Results show that the degree of leaf damage was medium to high, with 9.7% and 10.0% of the leaf area affected in the northwestern and southern parts of the highway, particularly near major transport interchanges. In contrast, the northern and western sections showed lower medium damage rates of 8.5% to 8.8%. Additionally, various amounts of solid dust particles (originating from soil and anthropogenic sources) were detected on the surface of tree leaves. Red-brown pigmentation, observed along the main veins of the leaves, can be the consequence of atmospheric pollution from NOx and SO2 emissions. The state of green spaces was further impacted by extreme weather conditions, including abnormally high temperatures (above 30°C) and prolonged drought periods during the summer.
Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) Bioaccumulation and Translocation by Erigeron canadensis L. in Polluted Soil
(2024) Laptiev, Volodymyr; Giltrap, Michelle; Tian, Furong; Ryzhenko, Nataliia
This work aims to assess the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil–plant system (Erigeron canadensis L.) in the zone of anthropogenic impact in Dnipro city, a significant industrial and economic centre of Ukraine. Sampling was carried out at three locations at distances of 1.0 km, 5.5 km, and 12.02 km from the main emission sources associated with battery production and processing plants in Dnipro. The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed using atomic emission spectrometry from soil and parts of Erigeron canadensis L. The highest concentrations of elements in the soil, both for the mobile form and the total form, were determined to be 48.96 mg kg−1 and 7830.0 mg kg−1, respectively, for Pb in experimental plot 1. The general ranking of accumulation of elements in all experimental plots, both for the plant as a whole and for its parts, was as follows: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb. Zn for plants was the most available heavy metal among all studied sites and had the highest metal content in the plant (339.58 mg kg−1), plant uptake index (PUI-506.84), bioabsorption coefficient (BAC-314.9), and bioconcentration coefficient (BCF-191.94). According to the results of the study, it is possible to evaluate Erigeron canadensis L. as a hyperaccumulator of Zn, Cu, and Cr and recommend it for phytoextraction of soils contaminated with Zn, Cu, and Cr and phytostabilization of soils contaminated with Pb.
Assessment of lost benefits for nature conservation areas and objects due to war in the post-war recovery system of the country
(2023) Horoshkova, Lidiia; Vasyl'yeva, O.; Antoniuk, D.; Antoniuk, K.; Horoshkov, S.; Tarasenko, O.
The study involves an analysis of the existing "Methodology for Determining Damage and the Extent of Losses Incurred by Enterprises, Institutions, and Organizations of All Forms of Ownership Due to the Destruction and Damage to Their Property as a Result of Armed Aggression by Russian Federation, as well as Lost Benefits from the Inability or Obstruction of Economic Activity Implementation" for its application in assessing the lost benefits of the Azov-Syvash National Natural Park. Considering the non-profit nature of the institution’s activities, proposals are developed to improve the Methodology by creating an algorithm for assessing lost benefits for non-profit organizations engaged in economic activities and of significant societal/state importance. Determining the extent of lost benefits was carried out using the following estimation procedures: analysis and determination of the compounding period within which the lost benefit from the asset (property) is considered; calculation of the annual amount of cash flows and conversion into a monthly amount for the entire compounding period; justification of the components of the compounding rate and its determination; determination of the future value of cash flows at the end of the compounding period through compounding these cash flows.
Assessment of mountain ecosystems changes under anthropogenic pressure in Latorica river basin (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine)
(2014) Kozak, Olena; Didukh, Yakiv
The Carpathian mountain ecosystems have been changed under anthropogenic pressure during last decades. The different types of anthropogenic pressure affect the ecosystem characteristics and functioning. The species composition, species richness and ecological indicator values of 12 ecological factors were compared among 14 habitats: natural, semi-natural, degraded and ruderal ecosystems in different altitude zones. The results show that anthropogenic pressure and altitude gradient influence indices of edaphic and climate conditions. The anthropogenic pressure also affects biodiversity: the highest species richness and Shannon–Wiener index are observed in habitats with ‘intermediate’ disturbances level, while high level of disturbances cause decrease in biodiversity. The disturbances cause the ecosystem to become susceptible to invasion of alien species, while native species, especially rare, become vulnerable and can disappear.
Assessment of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential in Kherson region
(2024) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Studinska, Galyna; Mamchur, Volodymyr; Menaker, Artem; Menshov, Oleksandr
The relevance of the study lies in the need to assess the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential of the Kherson region due to significant economic and ecological losses, in particular, the destruction and contamination of soils, which requires urgent monitoring of their quality and restoration of fertility to restore the agrarian sphere of the region. The assessment of the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential of the Kherson region and the determination of the prospects for its post-war recovery were chosen as the purpose of this work. The research was carried out using general scientific and special methods of studying phenomena and processes: analysis and synthesis, system analysis, method of analogy and modelling, system analysis, methods of information collection and processing. Data from the NASA FIRMS databases, Sentinel-2 satellite images, as well as images of fires from the Giovanni resource were used as an information base for the analysis. Additionally, tracking results of MODIS, VIIRS and VIIRS 2 Suomi satellites are involved. A mutual correlation of the yield of agricultural crops and the Agricultural Stress Index was carried out, which proves the absence of a serious impact of drought on the yield of agricultural crops in the Kherson region, except for the driest years. The dependence between the yield of grain and
Assessment of the Occurrence and Spread of Fires Caused by Hostilities in the Ecosystems of Kyiv Polissia based on the Data of Remote Sensing of the Earth
(2024) Klymenko, K.; Nazarova, Ольга
Within the boundaries of Kyiv Polissia during the period of warfare from February 24, 2022 to April 2, 2022, 178 locations of possible fire occurrences were identified, and 284 locations of possible fire occurrences were identified in the entire Kyiv region. With the help of the analysis of satellite images, 440 fires with a total area of 64,913 hectares were detected in the Kyiv Polissia during the period of hostilities. As a result of the analysis of spatial data, the following classification of the areas of fires according to land cover was obtained: 17,156 hectares were affected in tree covered areas, 24,794 hectares in shrubs covered areas, 5,995 hectares in grass covered areas, 333 hectares in flooded areas, 11,680 hectares in fields and within the boundaries of urban area in flame were 3,492 hectares. Due to the impossibility of conducting additional field research, LiDAR was used to clarify the data on the areas of crown fires. An increase in the share of crown fires to 9.5% of the total area of fires in the period from March to April 2022 was recorded. Crown fires are believed to cause more damage to forestry.Among all territorial hromadas, the highest percentage of crown forest fires was in the Dmitrivska, Gostomelska and Irpin hromadas, located within the Kyiv agglomeration.
Asymptotic Methods in Optimization of Inventory Business Processes
(2019) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Volkov, Volodymyr; Holovan, Olha; Markova, Svitlana
The use of inventory management models enables the management of the company to optimize logistics business processes and to reduce fixed and variable costs of production, order and sales. The study proposes a multi- nomenclature model for optimizing inventory business processes using asymptotic methods. An easy-to-use analytical formula for determining optimal order interval, when order and inventory holding costs meet insufficient cyclical changes, is obtained. Testing of the developed model of optimization of inventory business processes was carried out on the example of the enterprise operating in the HoReCa segment of Zaporizhzhia the regional market. The proposed multi- nomenclature inventory management model enables the company management to apply situational management of these processes, modeling the changes caused by increased product storage costs and order fulfillment.
Asymptotic methods in optimization of multi-item inventory management model
(2020) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Volkov, Volodymyr; Holovan, Olha; Markova, Svitlana; Golub, Alexander; Oliynyk, Oleksandr
The study proposes asymptotic methods for optimizing multi-item inventory model. To achieve the objective of the study, formulas of the optimal value of multi-item delivery frequency based on the asymptotic approach under conditions of minor changes in the input parameters have been obtained. The discrete increase in the execution costs and inventory holding costs which depend on the “small parameter” as well as a gradual increase in periodic fluctuations in demand for products have been taken as variable parameters of the system. Easytouse analytical formulas for determining optimal order interval when ordering and inventory holding costs, as well as demand meet insufficient changes have been obtained. Testing of the proposed approach to the multi-item inventory model has been carried out on the example of HoReCa regional market segment. The proposed formulas allow to apply the obtained results for optimization and forecasting of decision-making in the system of procurement logistics of a company amid variation of input parameters describing changes of external and internal business environment.

Browse

Browsing Кафедра екології by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options