Декотрі аспекти "аксіальності" за Карлом Ясперсом у контексті історичної танатології
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Date
2018
Authors
Король, Денис
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Abstract
Близько ста років філософи, історики, антропологи та культурологи дискутують щодо концепції "Achsenzeit" Карла Ясперса. Одним з основних протиріч стало усвідомлення його як власне
"Осьового часу" – хронологічної віхи цивілізаційності – або радше як "аксіальності" – рубіжної
зміни людської свідомості. Ми виходимо саме з останньої позиції та пропонуємо розгляд цієї зміни
через призму порівняльної історичної танатології.
Цей матеріал є спробою обґрунтувати з-поміж аксіальних проявів таку сферу, як індивідуальна
посмертна доля (включно з персональним загробним судом). Тому "аксіальність" постає в наших
висновках як соціокультурний алгоритм з акцентом на індивідуалізм, що починався як елітарний,
але через сотеріологічні та есхатологічні настрої став надбанням широких прошарків багатоетнічних державних утворень.
One of the main contradictions of “Achsenzeit” conception of Karl Jaspers is a conflict between its realization as an “Axial Age” – as a chronological landmark of civilization process – or rather as just an “axiality” – the boundary changes of human consciousness. We proceed from the last position, considering such changes through the prism of comparative historical thanatology. We claim that Jaspers’ “axial” cultural features display not a phase, but rather certain state of civilization development, when sociocultural dependence on economical factors is mediated, and such society is able to serve a culturtreger to its neighbors and descendants. And a sociocultural vector here obviously aims to stimulate and transform personality. At the heart of “axiality”, there lie the specific changes within the cultural space of certain societies, which mainly lead to personality transformation and general individualization of the world outlook. A set of such “transmuted” personalities has formed a creative kernel of culturogenesis. Their individualistic thinking was designated not only in religion as a personal communication with spiritual universe but also in ideas about the afterlife existence. This paper is an attempt to ground the concept of individual afterlife fate (with the personal Court beyond the grave) as a display of “axiality”. In our conclusions, “axiality” appears to be a sociocultural algorithm focused on individualism, started as elite, but through soteriological moods became the acquisition of wide layers of multi-ethnic state formations. These moods “formatted” individual’s attitude towards oneself and surrounding, which was reflected within politics, ethics, philosophy, craft and, in particular, in ideas about the afterlife existence.
One of the main contradictions of “Achsenzeit” conception of Karl Jaspers is a conflict between its realization as an “Axial Age” – as a chronological landmark of civilization process – or rather as just an “axiality” – the boundary changes of human consciousness. We proceed from the last position, considering such changes through the prism of comparative historical thanatology. We claim that Jaspers’ “axial” cultural features display not a phase, but rather certain state of civilization development, when sociocultural dependence on economical factors is mediated, and such society is able to serve a culturtreger to its neighbors and descendants. And a sociocultural vector here obviously aims to stimulate and transform personality. At the heart of “axiality”, there lie the specific changes within the cultural space of certain societies, which mainly lead to personality transformation and general individualization of the world outlook. A set of such “transmuted” personalities has formed a creative kernel of culturogenesis. Their individualistic thinking was designated not only in religion as a personal communication with spiritual universe but also in ideas about the afterlife existence. This paper is an attempt to ground the concept of individual afterlife fate (with the personal Court beyond the grave) as a display of “axiality”. In our conclusions, “axiality” appears to be a sociocultural algorithm focused on individualism, started as elite, but through soteriological moods became the acquisition of wide layers of multi-ethnic state formations. These moods “formatted” individual’s attitude towards oneself and surrounding, which was reflected within politics, ethics, philosophy, craft and, in particular, in ideas about the afterlife existence.
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Keywords
"аксіальність", К. Ясперс, посмертна доля, есхатологія, індивідуалізм, соціокультурні трансформації, цивілізаційні процеси, історична танатологія, стаття, "axiality", K. Jaspers, afterlife fate, eschatology, individualism, sociocultural transformations, civilization processes, historical thanatology
Citation
Король Д. О. Декотрі аспекти "аксіальності" за Карлом Ясперсом у контексті історичної танатології / Король Д. О. // Магістеріум. Культурологія. - 2018. - Вип. 71. - С. 25-30.