Національна система захисту прав людини: місце Конституційного Суду України

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dc.contributor.authorМартинюк, Данилоuk_UA
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-23T08:30:19Z
dc.date.available2026-01-23T08:30:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionThe article examines the place of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine within the national system of human rights protection through the lens of the functioning of the constitutional complaint instrument. It identifies and evaluates the impact of the Constitutional Court’s practice in considering constitutional complaints on the development of constitutional justice and the constitutionalization of social relations. Introduced in 2016, the institution of the constitutional complaint and the Constitutional Court of Ukraine’s authority to consider such complaints were initially perceived as additional measures to strengthen the national system of human rights protection. However, since the Court’s first decision on a constitutional complaint in 2019, this instrument has become the principal form of proceedings concerning the constitutionality of laws in Ukraine. During this period, 73% of the Constitutional Court’s decisions declaring at least one provision of a law unconstitutional were rendered in cases based on constitutional complaints. This demonstrates the systemic significance of such decisions for the constitutional doctrine and the constitutional legal order of Ukraine. These trends indicate a significant impact of natural and legal persons of private law, as applicants in cases initiated by constitutional complaints, on constitutional jurisprudence and the constitutionalization of social relations, which has begun to develop in a bottom-up manner. This has influenced constitutional justice, which now tends to become more individualized in nature. In such cases, the Constitutional Court generally applies contextual interpretation of legal norms and examines the constitutionality of the specific statutory provisions applied in the applicant’s case. An intensification of constitutional review has been observed: during the mentioned period, dozens of laws were brought before the Constitutional Court of Ukraine for the first time. This development has clearly had a positive impact on the state of the rule of law in the country. On the other hand, the growing influence of the Constitutional Court may entail risks of a constitutional crisis, given that at least 28% of cases initiated by constitutional complaints affect economic distribution, particularly in the areas of social protection and pension provision. Although the Ukrainian model of constitutional complaint does not grant the Constitutional Court the authority to restore the violated right of the applicant as a result of constitutional proceedings, the applicant theoretically has the right to seek such restoration through the review of the final judicial decision in its case. Moreover, the Constitutional Court is implicitly obliged, when considering a constitutional complaint, to take into account the manner in which the contested law was applied in the applicant’s case, and, if the law itself is consistent with the Constitution but was applied by a court in an unconstitutional manner, the Constitutional Court shall indicate this in its decision. It is assumed that, upon the review of the applicant’s case, the court is legally bound to take into consideration such a reservation made by the Constitutional Court. These circumstances indicate that the Constitutional Court of Ukraine has assumed a human rights protection function, which, however, is exercised with certain specific features arising from its status as a body of constitutional jurisdiction. If public authorities are classified according to the criterion of human rights protection, specifically by their powers to restore a violated right (direct protection) or to create conditions for such restoration (indirect protection), the Constitutional Court, with some reservation, may be regarded as part of the national system of human rights protection composed of bodies that provide direct protection of human rights. This reservation lies in the fact that the Constitutional Court essentially exists within its own constitutional domain above the entire state system, including the human rights protection system, exercising constitutional review over its compliance with the Constitution.en_US
dc.description.abstractУ статті розглянуто місце Конституційного Суду України в національній системі захисту прав людини крізь призму функціонування інституту конституційної скарги, визначено та оцінено вплив практики Конституційного Суду України з розгляду справ за конституційними скаргами на конституційну юстицію і конституціоналізацію суспільних відносин. Запропоновано класифікацію органів публічної влади за критерієм захисту прав людини, в основу якої покладено повноваження щодо відновлення порушеного, невизнаного або оспорюваного права. Зроблено висновок про присвоєння Конституційному Суду функції захисту прав людини, що зумовлено здійсненням ним повноважень з розгляду справ за конституційними скаргами. Виявлено ознаки зміни парадигми конституційної юстиції в бік суб’єктивізації з огляду на таку діяльність Суду. Ідентифіковано посилення ролі Конституційного Суду України в державі та визначено потенційні супутні наслідки. Висунуто пропозицію щодо проведення додаткових досліджень можливих ризиків, пов’язаних з інтенсифікацією конституційного контролю.uk_UA
dc.identifier.citation111uk_UA
dc.identifier.issn2617-2607
dc.identifier.issn2663-0621
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2025.16.107-124
dc.identifier.urihttps://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38148
dc.language.isoukuk_UA
dc.relation.sourceНаукові записки НаУКМА. Юридичні наукиuk_UA
dc.statusfirst publisheduk_UA
dc.subjectконституційна скаргаuk_UA
dc.subjectорган конституційної юрисдикціїuk_UA
dc.subjectконституціоналізаціяuk_UA
dc.subjectстаттяuk_UA
dc.subjectconstitutional complainten_US
dc.subjectbody of constitutional jurisdictionen_US
dc.subjectconstitutionalizingen_US
dc.titleНаціональна система захисту прав людини: місце Конституційного Суду Україниuk_UA
dc.title.alternativeThe national system of human rights protection: the place of the Constitutional Court of Ukraineen_US
dc.typeArticleuk_UA
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