Кафедра загальнотеоретичного правознавства та публічного права
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Item 10 років дії Конституції України: проблеми і перспективи(2006) Козюбра, МиколаПрийняття нової Конституції України 28 червня 1996 року - подія, без сумніву, знаменна для вітчизняної історії. Вона не тільки завершила перший, чи не найважчий етап становлення незалежної Української держави, а й заклала нормативно-правовий фундамент для подальшого її зміцнення, для цивілізованого поступального розвитку всіх сфер суспільних відносин, головна мета якого - поліпшення життя громадян України. За десятирічний термін чинності Основного Закону людина, утвердженням цінності якої пронизаний його дух, насправді так і не стала "мірою всіх речей": властива тоталітаризму ідеологія "панування держави", в якій людині відводиться місце виключно підпорядкованого суб’єкта, на практиці продовжує домінувати. Звідси незахищеність особи у відносинах з владою, зловживання з боку державних чиновників, їх безвідповідальність і безкарність, корупція, орієнтація на власні корпоративні інтереси, а не на потреби та інтереси людей тощо. Вихід із ситуації, що склалася, вимагає колективних зусиль - не тільки юристів, а й представників багатьох інших галузей знання, всіх кому не байдужа доля країни.Item 100 днів нової влади: яка модель урядування формується?(2010) Коліушко, Ігор; Тимощук, Віктор; Куйбіда, Роман; Банчук, Олександр; Демкова, Мар'яна; Кириченко, Юлія; Журба, Ярина; Курінний, Олексій; Стоян, Валентина; Ткачук, Анатолій; Бураковський, Ігор; Бетлій, Олександра; Богдан, Тетяна; Кандул, Сергій; Кобилянська, Алла; Кравчук, Віталій; Кузнєцова, Анна; Кузяків, Оксана; Куценко, Катерина; Мовчан, Вероніка; Науменко, Дмитро; Пількевич, Катерина; Сисенко, Наталія; Чухай, Анна; Саприкін, Володимир; Омельченко, Володимир; Захаров, Євген; Лігачова, Наталія; Довженко, Отар; Вінніков, Олександр; Касьянов, Георгій; Шаров, Олег; Голубовська-Онісімова, Анна; Левченко, Катерина; Бистрицький, Євген; Чалий, Валерій; Пашков, Михайло; Сунгуровський, Микола; Мельник, Олексій; Сушко, Олександр; Сад, Наталія; Горбач, ВолодимирЗбірник містить висновки консорціуму незалежних аналітичних центрів України про діяльність владної команди – Президента України Віктора Януковича та Уряду на чолі з Прем'єр-міністром Миколою Азаровим – протягом перших 100 днів їх роботи. Оцінка діяльності влади неурядовими організаціями є важливим інструментом демократичного контролю над владою. Видання буде корисним для урядовців, народних депутатів, державних службовців, а також незалежних експертів і журналістів.Item Access to information on voters’ lists(European Commission for Democracy Through Law (Venice Commission) in co-operation with The Estonian national electoral commission, 2013) Kliuchkovskiy, YuriiWe, in Ukraine, have chosen the way of maximal transparency of the open part of voters' personal data both in the Registers and in voters' lists but only in a paper form. We consider it to be the way to promote correctness of voters' lists, to avoid mistakes as far as possible and to prevent from abuse and fraud. In this case, the principle of personal privacy must give way to guarantees of electoral rights of many people, which requires openness of the corresponding minimum set of voters' personal data. On the other hand, the access to the State voters' register electronic database is strongly limited which is considered as means of its integrity and security. This is the solution adopted in Ukraine. Other countries could select different priorities which would lead to different solutions.Item Bringing human rights home: the challenge of enforcing judicial rulings in Ukraine and Russia(2014) Meleshevich, Andrey; Forstein, CarolynThe problem of systemic non-enforcement of judicial decisions, the Ukrainian government’s failure to respond to a pilot judgment, and Russia’s legislative reform offer important case studies for both rule of law development in the post-Soviet sphere and the efficacy of the European human rights system. This article looks at systemic non-enforcement both as a domestic and international challenge. It first examines Ukraine’s history with the European Court of Human Rights and the response to the Ivanov v. Ukraine pilot judgment. It unpacks the factors that are responsible for persistent non-enforcement and for preventing domestic reform. It then turns to Russia, and explores the European Court of Human Rights’ pilot judgment in the case Burdov v. Russia (no. 2), the Russian response, and implementation of the subsequent reforms. Lastly, the article examines the significance and implications of these cases for the European human rights regime.Item Civil Society Against Corruption in Ukraine: Pathways to Impact(2019) Bader, Max; Huss, Oksana; Nesterenko, Oksana; Meleshevych, AndriyThe 2013–2014 Revolution in Ukraine has spurred a boom in civic anti-corruption initiatives across Ukraine. There is as yet little consolidated understanding of how effective these initiatives are and what explains variation in effectiveness. Insights from academic and practitioner literature suggest that factors associated with success in anti-corruption activism fall under three broad categories: environmental factors, advocacy strategies of civil society organizations, and their organizational characteristics. Drawing on a comprehensive study of anti-corruption activism in the regions of Ukraine, this article asks how these insights relate to anti-corruption activism in the regions of Ukraine. We find that anti-corruption initiatives generally face two key dilemmas: insufficient capacity in terms and financial and human resources, and the absence of a credible base of support. Anti-Corruption organizations that are most effective tend to be those that convincingly solve either one of these two dilemmas. In addition, we find that political will among local authorities is an important conducive factor to the effectiveness of anti-corruption activism. The article also discusses the implications of our findings for practitioners of international assistance.Item Corruption risks in the fields of administrative services and control-supervision activities of public administration in Ukraine(2009) Koliushko, Ihor; Tymoshchuk, Viktor; Banchuk, Oleksandr; Ishchenko, Yuriy; Zalizniak, Petro; Kurinniy, Oleksiy; Pukhtetska, Alla; Stoyan, Valentyna; Shaipov, Artem; Bekeshkina, IrynaThe subject report presents the results of the study of risks of corruption in two spheres of activities of public administration bodies, such as delivery of administrative services and control and supervision. The above was the purpose of desk study of potential risks of corruption, development of recommendations concerning the elimination (minimization) thereof, and also, assessment of the relevance of subject risks and proposed recommendations using survey (polling) of the public, focus groups with entrepreneurs and extended interviews with public officials of central and local government bodies.Item Cost of parliamentary politics in Ukraine(2016) Meleshevych, AndriyThe objective of this paper is to conduct primary research on the cost of parliamentary politics in Ukraine, the financial implications of running for a seat in the national parliament (Rada), and the cost incurred by an MP once in office. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with current and former members of the Rada, unsuccessful candidates for these positions, subject matter experts on Ukrainian parliamentary elections, the paper explores the main drivers of the cost of politics in Ukraine.Item Crimean Crisis Will Not Affect Stability in the Balkans(2014-03-14) Meleshevich, AndreyItem Democratic Governance and Policy Analysis: Interpenetration or Confrontation of Procedures(2014) Tertychka, ValeriiPresented material from the 22th NISPAcee Annual Conference "Government vs. Governance in Central and Eastern Europe: From Pre-Weberianism to Neo-Weberianism?", Budapest, Hungary, May 22-24, 2014.Item Die politischen Parteien der Ukraine vor den Parlamentswahlen(2012) Meleshevich, Andrey; Bader, MaxItem Disenfranchising voters and some ways to avoid it(The Electoral Commission [et al.], 2011) Kliuchkovskiy, YuriiVenice Commission Comparative Report on Thresholds and Other Features of Electoral Systems Which Bar Parties from Access to Parliament. It has been suggested that under a compulsory voting regime voters who are otherwise not inclined to vote might, out of their dissatisfaction with the major parties, "cast a protest vote" which often goes to a radical (usually a minor) party. As D.Nohlen reports, "radical right did fare slightly better in the eight nations which use compulsory voting" and " this evidence is suggestive". Speaking politically, non-participation of voters in elections means that they have no incentive to vote because they don’t believe it would change their life. It could be caused by two opposite reasons. On the one hand, people could be quite satisfied with the living conditions and feel no danger to them irrespectively of election results. On the other hand, people could be quite disappointed and not believing that something could change after elections. It’s clear that these two situations are met in different countries. Nevertheless the recipes are not of legal nature. In this presentation I tried to gather and to systematize possible criteria for disenfranchising which without any doubts are well known. I hope it could be a base for fruitful discussion.Item Item Editorial(2023) Petrov, Roman; Zvieriev, Ievgen2022 was a year of tragic events for Ukraine and its peopledue to unprecedented military invasion by Russian Federationon February 24th. Kyiv-Mohyla Law & Politics Journal like many other Ukrainian academic periodicals and higher education establishmentshas faced unprecedented challenges of survival. Thus, we decided to postpone its 8/2022 issue and to merge it with 9/2023 issue. The editorial team has managed to attract and to review a number of high-quality articles, reflections and case notesin law and political science we propose to our readersin this joint 8-9/2022-2023 issue. All the materials have undergone thorough external review as usual.Item Europeanization Through EU External Agreements and the Issue of "Constitutional Identity": the Case of the EU-Armenia CEPA(2018) Khvorostiankina, AnnaUsing the concept of “constitutional identity” as a theoretical basis, this article analyses the potential transformative influence of the EU-Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on the Armenian legal system. In particular, the author focuses on the Agreement’s capacity to stimulate the implementation of the EU’s “common values” and transpose the norms, general principles, and methodological approaches of EU law into the domestic legal order. It is argued that this potential depends on two elements of the “constitutional identity” of the Armenian legal order: its axiological core and its openness to external influences.Item Force majeure during the war. Review of juridical practice(2023) Abramovych, RuslanaThis review covers the judicial practice of Ukrainian courts of general jurisdiction related to the issue of force majeure. The question becomes especially relevant in the current war realities, in which not only the citizens of the country, but also business entities find themselves. Under the conditions of martial law, counterparties often resort to abuses, citing force majeure, and refuse to fully or partially fulfill their contractual obligations. This publication examines the main legal positions of courts of general jurisdiction on this topic.Item Geographical Patterns of Party Support in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine(2006) Meleshevich, AndreyThis article analyses spatial patterns of party support in the five post-Soviet transitional countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, and Ukraine.Item Implementation of Specialization "Public Policy Analysis" to the Ukrainian Training Programs for Public Servants: Opportunities and Barriers(2006) Tertychka, ValeriiPresented material from the 14th NISPAcee Annual Conference "Public Administration and Public Policy in Emerging Europe & Eurasia: For Professionalism, Impartiality and Transparency", Ljubljana, Slovenia, May 11-13, 2006.Item Infringement of intellectual property rights in the course of adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence systems from the perspective of European Union law(2024) Bohatchuk, DariaArtificial intelligence is having an increasing impact in many areas. At the same time, artificial intelligence systems can be targeted by socalled "adversarial attacks". Appropriate measures are needed to counter adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence, including with the help of law. The paper aims to analyze whether adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence systems constitute infringement of intellectual property rights to such systems or elements thereof. The paper focuses on copyright law, patent law, and sui generis database protection and examines how intellectual property rights can be infringed in the course of conducting adversarial attacks. It is concluded that the copying of artificial intelligence system or its parts and components (if they are copyrighted) in the course of an adversarial attack may qualify as reproduction and constitute copyright infringement if certain conditions are met. In this context, it is important to take into account that the act of reproduction committed for adversarial attack generally cannot be considered as accidental, but on the contrary, may be considered as intentional. When considering possible patent infringements in the context of adversarial attacks, in particular, the doctrine of equivalents and the principle of "exhaustion of rights" must be taken into account. The sui generis database right, which is an additional protection possibility for databases in the European Union, may also be infringed within the adversarial attacks under certain conditions. The need to include provisions on the unlawful character of adversarial attacks in the relevant legislation is determined. The provisions prohibiting adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence in the license agreements can also increase the level of legal protection of artificial intelligence systems.Item Insourcing or Outsourcing for Ex-ante and Ex-post Analysis in Public Policy-making(2015) Tertychka, ValeriyItem Intellectual property law to protect artificial intelligence systems against adversarial attacks in light of the purposes of intellectual property law(2024) Bohatchuk, DariaThe paper analyzes whether the application of intellectual property law as a countermeasure against adversarial attacks on the artificial intelligence systems is consistent with the purposes of the intellectual property law. In view of rapid development of artificial intelligence and growing number of domains in which artificial intelligence systems are applied, the adversarial attacks on such systems can potentially cause very harmful effects. Thus, there is a need to identify and develop countermeasures against adversarial attacks, in particular with the help of law. The issue of the possible legal measures that can be applied to counter adversarial attacks has to be considered first of all in the light of the purposes of the law. This paper is dedicated to an overview of the purposes and theories of justification of intellectual property law, in particular, copyright and patent law, which are further considered in the context of artificial intelligence and adversarial attacks. Although the theoretical foundations underlying the intellectual property system is a subject matter of debates, the purpose of incentivizing creativity and innovation could be considered as the primary purpose of intellectual property law. The author concludes that the application of intellectual property law to protect AI systems against adversarial attacks and further integration of artificial intelligence into the intellectual property law system may be conducive to achieving the purposes of this system and implementing transparency. At the same time, modern intellectual property law should be adapted to the present-day realities, including the development of artificial intelligence. This paper can serve as a basis for further research into the possibilities and expediency of the application of intellectual property law to protect artificial intelligence systems and to counter adversarial attacks on artificial intelligence.