Кафедра загальнотеоретичного правознавства та публічного права

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10 років дії Конституції України: проблеми і перспективи
(2006) Козюбра, Микола
Прийняття нової Конституції України 28 червня 1996 року - подія, без сумніву, знаменна для вітчизняної історії. Вона не тільки завершила перший, чи не найважчий етап становлення незалежної Української держави, а й заклала нормативно-правовий фундамент для подальшого її зміцнення, для цивілізованого поступального розвитку всіх сфер суспільних відносин, головна мета якого - поліпшення життя громадян України. За десятирічний термін чинності Основного Закону людина, утвердженням цінності якої пронизаний його дух, насправді так і не стала "мірою всіх речей": властива тоталітаризму ідеологія "панування держави", в якій людині відводиться місце виключно підпорядкованого суб’єкта, на практиці продовжує домінувати. Звідси незахищеність особи у відносинах з владою, зловживання з боку державних чиновників, їх безвідповідальність і безкарність, корупція, орієнтація на власні корпоративні інтереси, а не на потреби та інтереси людей тощо. Вихід із ситуації, що склалася, вимагає колективних зусиль - не тільки юристів, а й представників багатьох інших галузей знання, всіх кому не байдужа доля країни.
100 днів нової влади: яка модель урядування формується?
(2010) Коліушко, Ігор; Тимощук, Віктор; Куйбіда, Роман; Банчук, Олександр; Демкова, Мар'яна; Кириченко, Юлія; Журба, Ярина; Курінний, Олексій; Стоян, Валентина; Ткачук, Анатолій; Бураковський, Ігор; Бетлій, Олександра; Богдан, Тетяна; Кандул, Сергій; Кобилянська, Алла; Кравчук, Віталій; Кузнєцова, Анна; Кузяків, Оксана; Куценко, Катерина; Мовчан, Вероніка; Науменко, Дмитро; Пількевич, Катерина; Сисенко, Наталія; Чухай, Анна; Саприкін, Володимир; Омельченко, Володимир; Захаров, Євген; Лігачова, Наталія; Довженко, Отар; Вінніков, Олександр; Касьянов, Георгій; Шаров, Олег; Голубовська-Онісімова, Анна; Левченко, Катерина; Бистрицький, Євген; Чалий, Валерій; Пашков, Михайло; Сунгуровський, Микола; Мельник, Олексій; Сушко, Олександр; Сад, Наталія; Горбач, Володимир
Збірник містить висновки консорціуму незалежних аналітичних центрів України про діяльність владної команди – Президента України Віктора Януковича та Уряду на чолі з Прем'єр-міністром Миколою Азаровим – протягом перших 100 днів їх роботи. Оцінка діяльності влади неурядовими організаціями є важливим інструментом демократичного контролю над владою. Видання буде корисним для урядовців, народних депутатів, державних службовців, а також незалежних експертів і журналістів.
Access to information on voters’ lists
(European Commission for Democracy Through Law (Venice Commission) in co-operation with The Estonian national electoral commission, 2013) Kliuchkovskiy, Yurii
We, in Ukraine, have chosen the way of maximal transparency of the open part of voters' personal data both in the Registers and in voters' lists but only in a paper form. We consider it to be the way to promote correctness of voters' lists, to avoid mistakes as far as possible and to prevent from abuse and fraud. In this case, the principle of personal privacy must give way to guarantees of electoral rights of many people, which requires openness of the corresponding minimum set of voters' personal data. On the other hand, the access to the State voters' register electronic database is strongly limited which is considered as means of its integrity and security. This is the solution adopted in Ukraine. Other countries could select different priorities which would lead to different solutions.
Bringing human rights home: the challenge of enforcing judicial rulings in Ukraine and Russia
(2014) Meleshevich, Andrey; Forstein, Carolyn
The problem of systemic non-enforcement of judicial decisions, the Ukrainian government’s failure to respond to a pilot judgment, and Russia’s legislative reform offer important case studies for both rule of law development in the post-Soviet sphere and the efficacy of the European human rights system. This article looks at systemic non-enforcement both as a domestic and international challenge. It first examines Ukraine’s history with the European Court of Human Rights and the response to the Ivanov v. Ukraine pilot judgment. It unpacks the factors that are responsible for persistent non-enforcement and for preventing domestic reform. It then turns to Russia, and explores the European Court of Human Rights’ pilot judgment in the case Burdov v. Russia (no. 2), the Russian response, and implementation of the subsequent reforms. Lastly, the article examines the significance and implications of these cases for the European human rights regime.
Civil Society Against Corruption in Ukraine: Pathways to Impact
(2019) Bader, Max; Huss, Oksana; Nesterenko, Oksana; Meleshevych, Andriy
The 2013–2014 Revolution in Ukraine has spurred a boom in civic anti-corruption initiatives across Ukraine. There is as yet little consolidated understanding of how effective these initiatives are and what explains variation in effectiveness. Insights from academic and practitioner literature suggest that factors associated with success in anti-corruption activism fall under three broad categories: environmental factors, advocacy strategies of civil society organizations, and their organizational characteristics. Drawing on a comprehensive study of anti-corruption activism in the regions of Ukraine, this article asks how these insights relate to anti-corruption activism in the regions of Ukraine. We find that anti-corruption initiatives generally face two key dilemmas: insufficient capacity in terms and financial and human resources, and the absence of a credible base of support. Anti-Corruption organizations that are most effective tend to be those that convincingly solve either one of these two dilemmas. In addition, we find that political will among local authorities is an important conducive factor to the effectiveness of anti-corruption activism. The article also discusses the implications of our findings for practitioners of international assistance.
Combating misuse of administrative resources in the electoral process: case study from Ukraine
(2021) Venher, Volodymyr
Use of administrative resources for the purpose of obtaining advantage within an election campaign is currently a widespread phenomenon. This is also true for countries with developed democratic traditions. Certain political parties and candidates resort to the misuse of their authoritative powers and capabilities. The above-mentioned problems are particularly acute in emerging democracies. Shortage of stable democratic traditions, as well as high levels of political culture and stable standards of public administration ethics together create an environment where formal legislation constitutes the major tool for misuse prevention. Accordingly, the forms and tools of the use of administrative resources in the electoral process advance incredibly fast. It is common that in such countries administrative resources are applied via advanced tools requiring an instant response as well as the introduction of new restrictions and prohibitions. International standards and domestic legislation are simply unable to respond to such new challenges due to lack of time. Nevertheless, should the adjustment of national legislation be carefully and relatively quickly carried out, new forms and manifestations of officials’ misuse of power to achieve their political goals undertake other forms. The Ukrainian experience of combating misuse of administrative resources in elections is challenging and indicative. National legislation contains a number of instruments that implement international standards and solid election management practices. The experience of the application of such tools is also quite rewarding and demonstrates a vast amount of achievements. At the same time, the named tools still leave gaps illegally utilised by politicians and officials.
Corruption risks in the fields of administrative services and control-supervision activities of public administration in Ukraine
(2009) Koliushko, Ihor; Tymoshchuk, Viktor; Banchuk, Oleksandr; Ishchenko, Yuriy; Zalizniak, Petro; Kurinniy, Oleksiy; Pukhtetska, Alla; Stoyan, Valentyna; Shaipov, Artem; Bekeshkina, Iryna
The subject report presents the results of the study of risks of corruption in two spheres of activities of public administration bodies, such as delivery of administrative services and control and supervision. The above was the purpose of desk study of potential risks of corruption, development of recommendations concerning the elimination (minimization) thereof, and also, assessment of the relevance of subject risks and proposed recommendations using survey (polling) of the public, focus groups with entrepreneurs and extended interviews with public officials of central and local government bodies.
Cost of parliamentary politics in Ukraine
(2016) Meleshevych, Andriy
The objective of this paper is to conduct primary research on the cost of parliamentary politics in Ukraine, the financial implications of running for a seat in the national parliament (Rada), and the cost incurred by an MP once in office. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with current and former members of the Rada, unsuccessful candidates for these positions, subject matter experts on Ukrainian parliamentary elections, the paper explores the main drivers of the cost of politics in Ukraine.
Crimean Crisis Will Not Affect Stability in the Balkans
(2014-03-14) Meleshevich, Andrey
Death Penalty as Applied to the States: The View Through Legal Certainty as an Element of the Rule of Law
(2024) Zvieriev, Ievgen
Death penalty keeps being common and widespread punishment in certain parts of the world. Despite the worldwide trend aimed at abolition of death penalty, numerous scholars and practitioners keep arguing about the status of this punishment, as well as its pros and cons. However, the approach of death penalty applicable to states has not been in the mainstream research despite states having collapsed or ceased existence in multiple ways throughout all human history. The widespread application of the rule of law principle was one of the major causes of the abovementioned trend on limiting and abolishing death penalty worldwide. Numerous researchers have assessed rule of law impact on death penalty as attributed to humans. Nonetheless, research on death penalty as attributed to states remains novel. This paper aims to establish major points this research could be based upon by attempting to compare death penalty as attributed to humans’ features with those of death penalty attributed to the states. One of the most important major points is the definition of death penalty as applied to the states which this paper also makes an attempt to provide. Rule of law does provide assistance in that matter, namely legal certainty as one of major rule of law elements. The paper tries to assess both the death penalty as attributed to humans and death penalty as attributed to the states from legal certainty viewpoint through its elements: clarity and foreseeability of laws and regulations, consistency in application, due process, transparency, and accountability. The paper concludes with the idea that death penalty as attributed to the states does de facto exist as a concept and may be outlined within the scope of public international law and viewed upon through legal certainty as an essential element of the rule of law.
Democratic Governance and Policy Analysis: Interpenetration or Confrontation of Procedures
(2014) Tertychka, Valerii
Presented material from the 22th NISPAcee Annual Conference "Government vs. Governance in Central and Eastern Europe: From Pre-Weberianism to Neo-Weberianism?", Budapest, Hungary, May 22-24, 2014.
Die politischen Parteien der Ukraine vor den Parlamentswahlen
(2012) Meleshevich, Andrey; Bader, Max
Disenfranchising voters and some ways to avoid it
(The Electoral Commission [et al.], 2011) Kliuchkovskiy, Yurii
Venice Commission Comparative Report on Thresholds and Other Features of Electoral Systems Which Bar Parties from Access to Parliament. It has been suggested that under a compulsory voting regime voters who are otherwise not inclined to vote might, out of their dissatisfaction with the major parties, "cast a protest vote" which often goes to a radical (usually a minor) party. As D.Nohlen reports, "radical right did fare slightly better in the eight nations which use compulsory voting" and " this evidence is suggestive". Speaking politically, non-participation of voters in elections means that they have no incentive to vote because they don’t believe it would change their life. It could be caused by two opposite reasons. On the one hand, people could be quite satisfied with the living conditions and feel no danger to them irrespectively of election results. On the other hand, people could be quite disappointed and not believing that something could change after elections. It’s clear that these two situations are met in different countries. Nevertheless the recipes are not of legal nature. In this presentation I tried to gather and to systematize possible criteria for disenfranchising which without any doubts are well known. I hope it could be a base for fruitful discussion.
Editorial
(2021) Zvieriev, Ievgen; Zvieriev, Ievgen
Introductory word from the editors.
Editorial
(2023) Petrov, Roman; Zvieriev, Ievgen
2022 was a year of tragic events for Ukraine and its peopledue to unprecedented military invasion by Russian Federationon February 24th. Kyiv-Mohyla Law & Politics Journal like many other Ukrainian academic periodicals and higher education establishmentshas faced unprecedented challenges of survival. Thus, we decided to postpone its 8/2022 issue and to merge it with 9/2023 issue. The editorial team has managed to attract and to review a number of high-quality articles, reflections and case notesin law and political science we propose to our readersin this joint 8-9/2022-2023 issue. All the materials have undergone thorough external review as usual.
EU impact on the interpretation of international treaties by Ukrainian courts
(2014) Zvieriev, Ievgen
The interpretation of international treaties by national courts is a very challenging task as treaties are unique objects of interpretation. Many external factors affect this process, and EU law is one of those factors (usually not legally binding upon Ukraine but very influential in many cases). This is study deals with the impact that EU law is making on the approaches that Ukrainian courts apply in interpreting international treaties. In doing so, the study analyzes the available Ukrainian court practice as well as theoretical findings.
European Union law perspective on the intellectual property protection of artificial intelligence systems
(2024) Bohatchuk, Daria
The paper analyzes possible ways of protecting artificial intelligence systems and their elements with the help of intellectual property law from the perspective of European Union law. This paper deals with copyright law, patent law and sui generis database protection in relation to artificial intelligence systems. The paper begins with an analysis of whether and how an artificial intelligence can be protected by means of copyright. The author analyzes the European Union’s copyright acquis and concludes that the elements of the AI system, as well as the entire artificial intelligence system, that are implemented in software, can be protected by copyright as a computer program if the originality requirements are met. However, the originality requirement is unlikely to be met in all cases in this context. The same issue with the originality requirement applies to potentially possible copyright protection of artificial intelligence systems as databases. Therefore, it is concluded that the fulfillment of copyright requirements for protection of an artificial intelligence system must be established in each particular case. The author also considers whether patent law is applicable to protect artificial intelligence systems. For this purpose, the provisions of the patent law of the European Union, in particular, of the European Patent Convention, are analyzed. The author concludes that the artificial intelligence system may be patentable as a "computer-implemented invention" in case all the requirements for patent protection are met. Sui generis database protection is also considered as an additional possibility for legal protection of artificial intelligence systems, taking into account that its applicability is limited to the European Union. Whether sui generis database protection is applicable to the artificial intelligence system should be decided on a case-by-case basis.
Europeanization Through EU External Agreements and the Issue of "Constitutional Identity": the Case of the EU-Armenia CEPA
(2018) Khvorostiankina, Anna
Using the concept of “constitutional identity” as a theoretical basis, this article analyses the potential transformative influence of the EU-Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on the Armenian legal system. In particular, the author focuses on the Agreement’s capacity to stimulate the implementation of the EU’s “common values” and transpose the norms, general principles, and methodological approaches of EU law into the domestic legal order. It is argued that this potential depends on two elements of the “constitutional identity” of the Armenian legal order: its axiological core and its openness to external influences.
Force majeure during the war. Review of juridical practice
(2023) Abramovych, Ruslana
This review covers the judicial practice of Ukrainian courts of general jurisdiction related to the issue of force majeure. The question becomes especially relevant in the current war realities, in which not only the citizens of the country, but also business entities find themselves. Under the conditions of martial law, counterparties often resort to abuses, citing force majeure, and refuse to fully or partially fulfill their contractual obligations. This publication examines the main legal positions of courts of general jurisdiction on this topic.
Formation of the idea of natural law in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
(Pravo, 2022) Zaiets, Anatolii; Pohoryelova, Zoya
The article analyzes the formation of the idea of natural law, which has an important theoretical and applied significance, as it makes it possible to better understand the essence of law, its connection with egalitarian and humanistic teachings. The research is based on modern philosophical worldview approaches, such general scientific research methods as axiological, anthropological, phenomenological, comparative-historical, comparative-legal, system-structural, hermeneutical, functional, institutional, as well as formal-legal method are used. The article examines the works of representatives of the Milesian school founded by Thales in the first half of the 6th century BC, whose analysis of human consciousness, human ability to create, transform the world, formulate ideas and implement them led to the idea of a universal Logos, a universal divine Mind, and the Law of Nature. The article reveals the contribution of sophists to the development of the idea of the natural law who justified the differences between natural and human law, defended the idea of equality of all people, called for not discriminating against citizens, depending on their origin, and denied slavery. The role of representatives of the stoicism school in substantiating the idea of natural law based on awareness of the fundamental difference between human nature and nature, justifying the existence of the unchangeable law of nature (lex naturale) in the form of common sense, equality of all people, recognition of slavery contrary to human nature, the need for recognition of human rights by law to preserve human dignity is highlighted. The article examines the influence of the ideas of the philosophers of Ancient Greece on the development of Roman law, the role of the Scipio group in this influence, and the essence of the then rational understanding of natural law as a true law, namely, common sense, which, in accordance with nature, concerns all people, is unchangeable and eternal.

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